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Ku- Isixhumi Selanga ukukhiqizwa, ukuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi akuyona into yokuhlola ibhokisi kodwa kuyindlela yokulawula eyinhloko yokuphepha kukagesi, isikhathi sokusebenza kwesistimu, kanye nengozi yewaranti. Amaphutha amancane ekuqhekekeni, ukuvumelanisa ukuxhumana, ukuvala, noma ukukhetha izinto kungakhula kube ukwakheka kokumelana, ukushisa ngokweqile, ukungena komswakama, kanye nokwehluleka kwensimu ngaphambi kwesikhathi kuzo zonke izinhlelo ze-PV. Lesi sihloko sichaza izinqubo ezinciphisa lezo zingozi esigabeni sokukhiqiza, kusukela ekuqinisekisweni kwezinto ezingenayo kanye nokuhlolwa kobukhulu kuya ekuhlolweni kukagesi, komshini, kanye nokwemvelo. Abafundi bazothola umbono osebenzayo wokuthi i-QA ehlelekile ivikela kanjani ukuthembeka kwesixhumi, isekela ukuhambisana, futhi isiza abakhiqizi namaqembu ephrojekthi ukuvimbela ukwehluleka okubizayo ngaphambi kokuba izingxenye zifike ensimini.
Kungani Kubalulekile Ukuqinisekiswa Kwekhwalithi Yesixhumi Selanga
Ukuthembeka kohlelo lwe-photovoltaic (PV) kuncike kakhulu ezingxenyeni zalo ezincane kakhulu. Izixhumi zelanga zisebenza njengezindawo ezibalulekile zokuxhumanisa ukuze kudluliselwe amandla kagesi aqondile (DC) kuzo zonke izinhlobo zelanga zezentengiselwano, zezimboni, kanye nezikagesi. Ngaphandle kokuqapha okuqinile, lezi zingxenye zingaba yisixhumanisi esibuthakathaka kakhulu ochungechungeni lokukhiqizwa kwamandla, okuholela ezingozini zokuphepha ezinkulu kanye nokulahlekelwa okukhulu kwezezimali.
Izingozi zokukhiqiza okubalulekile kanye nokwehluleka kwensimu
Ukungahambisani komkhiqizo kanye nokucindezeleka kwemvelo kuveza izingozi ezinkulu ekufakweni kwe-PV. Amaphutha avamile okukhiqiza afaka phakathi ukugoba okungafanele, amaphini okuxhumana angalingani kahle, kanye nezinto zokwakha ezisezingeni eliphansi eziwohloka ngokushesha ngaphansi kokuvezwa yi-ultraviolet njalo. Ensimini, la maphutha abonakala ngokuthi ukumelana okuphezulu kokuxhumanaIdatha yemboni ikhombisa ukuthi kufika ku-30% wokwehluleka kwesistimu ye-PV okubi kakhulu, okuhlanganisa nemililo kagesi yendawo, kuvela ekuhlanganeni noma ezixhumini ze-DC ezinephutha lapho ukumelana kokuxhumana kudlula khona umkhawulo wokuphepha obalulekile wama-milliohms angu-0.5.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukujikeleza kokushisa phakathi kwamazinga okushisa aphezulu, ngokuvamile asukela ku--40°C kuya ku-+85°C, kwenza kube nzima ukuqhekeka kwamapulasitiki angaphansi kwezinga elifanele. Ukungena kwamanzi ngenxa yezivalo ze-O-ring ezingasebenzi kahle kungaholela emaphutheni omhlaba kanye nokuvalwa kwe-inverter ngokushesha. Lapho izixhumi zehluleka ukugcina isilinganiso se-IP68 esimweni sezulu esibi, ukuqongelela komswakama okubangelwayo kusheshisa ukugqwala kwe-galvanic, kunciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokusebenza kwesistimu kanye nokukhiqiza amandla okuphelele.
Indlela yokuchaza izinqubo zokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi ezisebenzayo
Ukusungula okuqinile izinqubo zokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yesixhumi selanga kudinga indlela ephelele ehlanganisa yonke impilo yokukhiqiza. Abakhiqizi kumele bachaze imigomo ecacile nelinganisekayo, behlose izinga lokukhubazeka elingaphansi kwezingxenye eziyi-100 ngesigidi (PPM) ukuqinisekisa kokubili ukusebenza kahle kwezentengiselwano kanye nokuphepha kwensimu.
Izinqubo ezisebenzayo zinquma izikhawu ezithile zokuhlola, imikhawulo yokubekezelelana eyamukelekayo, kanye nezinqubo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile zabasebenzi bomugqa wokuhlanganisa. Ngokuchaza la mapharamitha kusengaphambili, amaqembu okulawula ikhwalithi angaguquka esuka ekuxazululeni izinkinga ngokuphendula aye ekunciphiseni izingozi ngokushesha. Le ndlela ehlelekile iqinisekisa ukuthi yonke inqwaba yokukhiqiza ihlangabezana nezidingo ezidingekayo zikagesi, zemishini, nezokushisa ngaphambi kokuba izingxenye zigunyazwe ukuphuma phansi efektri.
Izilawuli Nezindinganiso Zokuqinisekisa Ikhwalithi
Ukuguqula imigomo yekhwalithi ephezulu ibe yimiphumela ebonakalayo kudinga uhlaka oluhlelekile lokulawula okubonakalayo. Lolu hlaka luncike ekuhlanganisweni kobuchwepheshe bokuhlola obuthuthukisiwe kanye nokunamathela ngokuqinile ezindinganisweni ze-electrotechnical eziqashelwa emhlabeni wonke.
Izindlela zokuhlola ezingenayo, ezisetshenziswayo, kanye nezokugcina
Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kusebenza ezigabeni ezintathu eziyinhloko: ukungena, ukucutshungulwa, kanye nokuhlolwa kokugcina. Ukuhlolwa kwezinto ezingenayo kuqinisekisa ubuqotho bokufakwayo okuluhlaza, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izikhonkwane ze-alloy zethusi zithola ubumsulwa obuncane bokuqhuba okungu-99% kanye nezindlu ze-polycarbonate zihlangabezana nezilinganiso ezithile zokusha, njengezinga le-UL94 V-0.
Ukuhlolwa kwangaphakathi kwenqubo kusebenzisa i-Automated Optical Inspection (AOI) ukuthola ukungalingani kobukhulu ngesikhathi sangempela emgqeni wokuhlanganisa. Phakathi nalesi sigaba, ukuhlolwa kwamandla okudonsa ngomshini kubalulekile; isigaba esijwayelekile esingu-4mm² Ikhebula le-PV kumele imelane namandla okudonsa okungenani angu-300 Newtons ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho be-crimp. Okokugcina, ukuhlolwa kukagesi okuqinile—kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kwe-dielectric ukumelana ne-voltage lapho izixhumi ezihlanganisiwe zithola amandla afinyelela ku-6000V DC—kuqinisekisa ukumelana nokushisa futhi kuvimbele ukugoba kwe-high-voltage ensimini.
Izindinganiso, imibhalo, kanye nezindlela zokuqhathanisa
Ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe akunakuxoxiswana ngakho ekungeneni emakethe nasekuphathweni kwezingozi. Izilinganiso ezimbili eziyinhloko ezilawulayo Izixhumi Zelanga yi-IEC 62852 yezimakethe zomhlaba wonke nezaseYurophu, kanye ne-UL 6703 yaseNyakatho Melika. Amaqembu okuqinisekisa ikhwalithi kumele agcine amadokhumenti acophelelayo, kufaka phakathi imibiko yokuhlola izinto (ama-MTR) kanye nezitifiketi zelebhu zangaphandle, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthobela imithetho okuqhubekayo.
| Okujwayelekile | Imakethe ehlosiwe | I-Voltage Yesistimu Ephezulu | Isilinganiso Esincane Se-IP | Ukuhlolwa Kokuchayeka Ku-UV |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I-IEC 62852 | Umhlaba wonke / i-EU | 1500V DC | I-IP67 / IP68 | Amahora ayi-1000 |
| I-UL 6703 | i-America esenyakatho | 1500V DC | I-IP67 | Amahora angu-720 |
| I-GB/T 33765 | IShayina | 1500V DC | I-IP67 | Amahora ayi-1000 |
Besebenzisa lezi zindlela zokuqhathanisa, amaqembu okuthenga angahlola ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwangaphakathi komkhiqizi kuyahambisana yini nezidingo ezithile zemvelo nezokulawula zendawo yokufaka. Imibhalo efanele iqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izilinganiso zokuphepha ziyalandelelwa futhi ziyaqinisekiswa ngabahloli abazimele.
Indlela Abakhiqizi Nabathengi Okufanele Basebenzise Ngayo I-QA
Kubo bobabili abakhiqizi abakhiqiza izingxenye kanye nezinkampani zobunjiniyela, ukuThenga, kanye noKwakha (EPC) ezizithengayo, ukusebenzisa isu lokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi elihlangene kuwumzamo wokubambisana. Kudinga ukuvumelanisa imikhuba yokuthenga kanye nokuzibophezela okuqinile ezingeni lemboni.
Iziqu zomhlinzeki kanye nokulandelelwa kweqembu
Abathengi kumele babeke phambili isitifiketi somhlinzeki ngokwenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele kweSistimu Yokuphatha Ikhwalithi yomkhiqizi (i-QMS), ngokuvamile kuqinisekiswa isitifiketi se-ISO 9001 esisebenzayo. Ingxenye ebalulekile yalesi sifundo ukuhlola ingqalasizinda yokulandelela yomhlinzeki ukuqinisekisa ukuzibophezela kuzo zonke izigidi zamayunithi akhiqiziwe.
Ukulandelela okuphumelelayo kuqinisekisa ukuthi isixhumi ngasinye singaxhunywa emuva ekushintsheni kwaso kokukhiqiza, ibhetshi yezinto zokusetshenziswa, kanye nomqhubi womshini. Abakhiqizi abahamba phambili basebenzisa amakhodi e-QR aqoshwe nge-laser noma izinombolo ezihlukile ze-serial ngqo endlini yesixhumi. Ukugcina la marekhodi ebhetshi okungenani iminyaka engama-25 kubalulekile, njengoba lesi sikhathi sihambisana nezikhathi zewaranti yokusebenza ezijwayelekile zamamojula we-photovoltaic wesimanje, okuvumela ukuhlaziywa kwezimbangela zezimpande okusheshayo uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kwensimu okungavamile.
Ukulinganisela izindleko, isikhathi sokuhola, kanye nezidingo zesitifiketi
Ukusebenzisa izinqubo zokuhlola eziphelele kuletha izinguquko kwezomnotho wokukhiqiza. Ukuthuthukisa indawo yokukhiqiza ukuze ihlangabezane nezindinganiso zokuhlola eziphezulu kuvame ukukhulisa izindleko zokukhiqiza kusengaphambili ngo-3% kuya ku-5%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka kwemvelo kanye nogesi okuphelele kungandisa izikhathi zokulethwa ezijwayelekile ngeviki eli-1 kuya kwamabili.
Kodwa-ke, abakhiqizi nabathengi kumele balinganisele lokhu kutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala nokuphepha kokusebenza kwesikhathi eside. Ukwanda okuncane kwezindleko zamayunithi kanye nesikhathi sokukhokha akunamsebenzi uma kuqhathaniswa nomthelela wezezimali wokwehluleka kohlelo okusabalele. izingxenye eziqinisekisiwe, ezihlolwe ngokuqinile kunciphisa izimangalo zewaranti yangemva kokufakwa ngamaphesenti afinyelela ku-80, kuqeda izindleko ezinkulu zokushintsha indawo ephuthumayo, futhi kuvikela imbuyiselo iyonke ekutshalweni kwezimali kwezimpahla zelanga ezisetshenziswa kabanzi eminyakeni yazo eyishumi edlule.
Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele
- Iziphetho ezibaluleke kakhulu kanye nesizathu sezinqubo zokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yesixhumi selanga
- Imininingwane, ukuhambisana, kanye nokuhlolwa kwengozi okufanele kuqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokuthi uzibophezele
- Izinyathelo ezilandelayo ezisebenzayo kanye nezixwayiso abafundi abangazisebenzisa ngokushesha
imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa
Kungani izimiso ze-QA zibalulekile ezixhumini zelanga?
Zinciphisa izingozi zomlilo, ukugoba, kanye nokungasebenzi ngokubamba amaphutha afana nokugoba okungekuhle, izimbobo ezimbi, kanye nokumelana okuphezulu kokuthintana ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa.
Yiziphi izivivinyo okufanele zenziwe yifektri yezixhumi zelanga?
Sebenzisa ukuhlola izinto ezingenayo, i-AOI ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa, ukuhlolwa kwamandla okudonsa, ukuhlolwa kokumelana nogesi okufika ku-6000V DC, kanye nokuqinisekiswa kokuvala kokugcina.
Yiziphi izindinganiso okufanele abathengi baziqinisekise ngezixhumi zelanga?
Hlola i-IEC 62852 yamaphrojekthi omhlaba/e-EU, i-UL 6703 eNyakatho Melika, bese uqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo uhambisana nezidingo ze-voltage kanye ne-IP zesayithi.
Yimiphi imigomo yokwamukela esiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yokwehluleka kwesixhumi?
Setha izinga lokukhubazeka elingaphansi kuka-100 PPM, gcina ukumelana kokuthintana kungaphansi kwama-milliohms angu-0.5, futhi udinga amandla okukhipha ikhebula angu-4mm² okungenani angu-300N.
Yimaphi amadokhumenti okufanele ama-EPC awacele kubaphakeli bezixhumi?
Cela imibiko yokuhlola yezinto ezibonakalayo, izitifiketi zelebhu ezivela eceleni, amarekhodi okuthobela imithetho ejwayelekile, kanye namadokhumenti okulandelela amaqoqo azo zonke izindawo zokukhiqiza.