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Njengoba amaphrojekthi okugcina amandla elanga ekhula kusukela ophahleni kuya ezindaweni zokushaja zezentengiselwano, ukuthembeka kokuxhumeka kwe-DC ngayinye kuba yinkinga yokuphepha nokusebenza okuphambili. Ukwandiswa Kwelanga ikhebula aliyona nje into eyisesekeli; liyibhuloho elithwala ukuphuma kwe-PV enamandla aphezulu ngokushisa, ukuchayeka kwi-UV, umswakama, kanye nokucindezeleka komshini. Lesi sihloko sichaza ukuthi izixazululo zekhebula nezixhumi ze-PNTech ezihlanganiswe ngaphambilini zisekela kanjani izinhlelo zokusebenza zokugcina nokushaja ze-photovoltaic, ukuthi kungani izitifiketi ezifana ne-UL 4703, IEC 62852, kanye ne-TÜV 2 PfG zibalulekile, nokuthi abafaki kufanele bacabange kanjani ngobukhulu bomqhubi, izilinganiso ze-voltage, ukuhambisana kwezixhumi, kanye nomehluko ocacile phakathi kwezintambo zesandiso se-PV kanye nama-harnesses aseceleni kwebhethri.
Izixazululo Zesixhumi Sekhebula Lesandiso Selanga se-PNTech
Izinhlelo ze-photovoltaic (PV) ezithembekile kanye nezinhlelo zokugcina amandla zidinga ingqalasizinda eqinile yezintambo. Ukwakhiwa kwesistimu ephelele kuhlanganisa izimo ezihlukile: izintambo zesandiso se-solar array yangaphandle kanye nama-harnesses ebhange lebhethri langaphakathi. Kubalulekile ukuqonda lo mehluko kusenesikhathi: Ikhebula Lokunweba le-Pvs isebenzisa i-DC enamandla kagesi aphezulu kusuka kumaphaneli futhi ngokuvamile isebenzisa izixhumi ezihambisana ne-MC4, kuyilapho ama-harnesses ebhethri ephatha ukuxhumana kwesitoreji esinamandla kagesi aphezulu, anezingozi ezihlukile zamaphutha. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nalezi zidingo ezahlukahlukene, i-PNTech inikeza iphothifoliyo ephelele yezinto ezihlanganisiwe ngaphambilini.izintambo zelanga kanye nezixhumi zokugcina amandla. Ziklanywe ngezinketho ezikhethekile zejakethi zezindawo ezibucayi, izixazululo ze-PNTech zihlangabezana nezitifiketi eziqinile—njenge-IEC 62852, kanye ne-TÜV 2 PfG—eziqinisekisa ukuthi konke ukufakwa kusebenza ngokuphephile futhi kuhambisana nezindinganiso zemboni.
Indima Ezinhlelweni Zokugcina Amandla E-Photovoltaic
Ngaphakathi kohlelo lwesimanje lokugcina amandla lwe-PV, ukuhlanganiswa kwekhebula lokwelula isebenza njengebhuloho elibalulekile phakathi kwama-solar arrays kanye nezilawuli zokushaja. Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zinhlangano zifaka izixhumi ezinamathiselwe ngaphambilini, ezihambisana ne-MC4, zenzelwe ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kokudlulisela, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amandla aphezulu e-DC afinyelela ku-inverter. Ikhebula elingacacisiwe kahle lingaletha ukumelana okukhulu, okuholela ekukhiqizweni kokushisa kanye nokwehla kokusebenza kahle.
Ama-assembly ekhwalithi ahlinzeka ngokuxhumeka okuphephile okunokumelana okuphansi kokuxhumana kanye nezilinganiso ezifanele zamandla okufaka kanye nokuhoxiswa, okuvimbela ukuvinjelwa kwamandla ngesikhathi sokukhanya kwelanga okuphezulu. Izinhlelo ze-DC ezinamandla aphezulu nazo zethula izingozi ezinkulu ze-arc-fault; ngakho-ke, ukunqanyulwa okulinganiselwe kahle kanye nokuvikelwa kokushisa ngokweqile kuyimpoqo, ikakhulukazi ekufakweni kwe-PV ehlanganisiwe kanye nokugcinwa. Ngokusebenzisa ama-conductor ethusi afakwe ethini ahlanzekile kakhulu, amandla adluliselwa kahle. Ezinhlelweni zezentengiselwano, la ma-assembly kumele ahlangabezane nezidingo ze-DC eziyinkimbinkimbi njengemikhawulo yokuhlanganisa izintambo, izici eziqinile zokuhlukanisa imisele, kanye nokuphathwa okuqondile kwe-array voltage-drop.
Imigomo Yokuxhumanisa Izintambo Eziyinhloko Zokugcina Amandla Ekhaya
Ukuzulazula amandla elanga okusebenza ekhaya kanye nendawo yokugcina izinto Kudinga ukuqonda amagama okuxhumanisa abalulekile, kuqala ngosayizi womqhubi, ovame ukulinganiswa endaweni enqamulayo (mm²) noma okulinganayo ne-American Wire Gauge (AWG). Amasethingi ajwayelekile e-PV yokuhlala avame ukusebenzisa ama-conductor angu-4.0 mm² noma angu-6.0 mm² kuye ngokuthi i-inverter inamandla kangakanani. Ohlangothini lokugcina, imiqondo ebalulekile ifaka phakathi ukufanisa i-voltage yebhasi yebhethri nokunamathela ezimisweni eziqondile ze-ring-terminal torque ukuvimbela izindawo ezishisayo ezimelana kakhulu.
"I-voltage ejwayelekile" yesistimu—ngokuvamile i-1000V DC noma i-1500V DC yezinhlobo zesimanje zophahla—inquma isilinganiso sokushisa esidingekayo ukuze kuhlanganiswe ngokuphephile nengqalasizinda ekhona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela yokukhiya ebonakalayo ekuhlanganisweni kwekhebula kumele ifane nehadiwe yokuhlanganisa. Ukuqonda ukuhambisana kwesixhumi kubalulekile ukuze kuvikelwe ukuxhumana ngokumelene nesimo sezulu kanye nokucindezeleka komshini. Abafaki kumele baqaphele ngokusobala ukuthi izixhumi "ezihambisana ne-MC4" ezivela kubakhiqizi abahlukene azikwazi ukusebenzisana kuyo yonke indawo; ukuxuba izingxenye zangempela ze-Stäubli MC4 nama-clone ezinkampani zangaphandle kungaphula amakhodi kagesi, kuqede iziqinisekiso, futhi kungenise izingozi ezinkulu zomlilo.
Imininingwane Yekhebula Lokwelulwa Kwelanga Ebalulekile
Ukuhlola imininingwane yobuchwepheshe yengqalasizinda yezintambo kubalulekile empumelelweni yokusebenza yesikhathi eside. Ukukhetha amapharamitha afanele kuthinta ngqo ukukhiqizwa kwamandla, ukuphepha okungokwemvelo, kanye nesikhathi sokufakwa konke. Ukunganaki lezi zilinganiso kungaholela ekuwohlokeni kokushisa kokufakwa kwe-insulation, ukumelana okwandisiwe, kanye nesikhathi esibizayo sokungasebenzi kwesistimu.
Umthamo Wamanje kanye Nosayizi Wekhebula
Umthamo wokuthwala wamanje, noma ubukhulu, yisilinganiso esiyisisekelo esisetshenziselwa ukunquma usayizi wekhebula ofanele. Lapho kulinganiswa uhlelo, umqhubi kumele aphathe ngokuphephile ugesi we-short-circuit ophezulu we-solar array ophindwe ngesici sokuphepha (ngokuvamile kusuka ku-1.25 kuya ku-1.56 kuye ngamakhodi kagesi endawo).
Ngezansi ithebula lokuqhathanisa elibonisa amakhono ajwayelekile okulinganisa izintambo ze-polyolefin (XLPO) ezixhunywe nge-cross-linked ngokusekelwe ekushiseni okujwayelekile okungu-60°C:
| Usayizi Wekhebula (mm²) | I-AWG Equivalent Eseduze | Ibanga Lobubanzi Obujwayelekile (A) | Ukumelana Okuphezulu Komqhubi ku-20°C (Ω/km) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4.0 | 12 | 40 - 55 | 5.09 |
| 6.0 | 10 | 50 - 70 | 3.39 |
| 10.0 | 8 (Qaphela: iphakathi kuka-8 no-6 AWG) | 70 - 98 | 1.95 |
Qaphela: Izibalo zobukhulu obunikeziwe zingamabanga okuqala acabangela izinga lokushisa lomqhubi othile (isb., 90°C) kanye nesisekelo somoya okhululekile, hhayi ukuhambisana nekhodi yendawo yonke. Izicelo zokungcwaba ngqo, imikhawulo yokugcwalisa imisele, ukubopha ikhebula, ukuphakama okuphezulu, kanye nokumelana nokushisa kwenhlabathi konke kudinga ukuncishiswa okwengeziwe ngale kwesisekelo esisodwa se-ambient esingu-60°C esibonisiwe. Njalo bheka amakhodi kagesi asebenzayo ukuthola imikhawulo eqondile yobukhulu ngokusekelwe ezilinganisweni ezithile zokushisa komqhubi kanye nezindlela zokufaka.
Ngokubheka lezi zilinganiso nokusebenzisa izici ezidingekayo zokunciphisa amandla, izintambo ezikhethiwe zinciphisa ukwehla kwamandla kagesi ngokweqile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi eside, zigcine uhlelo lusebenza ngaphakathi kwamapharamitha afanele.
Ukuphepha, Ukuqina, kanye Nokushintshana Kokufakwa
Ukulinganisela ukuphepha, ukuqina kwemvelo, kanye nokulula kokufakwa kudinga ubunjiniyela bezinto eziqaphile. Izinto ezixhunywe nge-electron-beam zinikeza izintambo ukuqina kokushisa okumangalisayo, okuzivumela ukuthi zisebenze ngokuqhubekayo emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kusukela ku--40°C kuya ku-+90°C, futhi zimelane nokukhuphuka kwesikhashana okufika ku-120°C.
Kodwa-ke, kukhona ubudlelwano obukhona phakathi kokuqina okuphezulu kanye nokuguquguquka kokufakwa. Amajakethi amakhulu, anezivikelo eziqinile ahlinzeka ngokumelana okuphezulu kwe-UV kanye ne-ozone ezindaweni zangaphandle ezinzima, kodwa adinga ama-radii amakhulu okugoba. Ukuze lokhu kwenzeke, abafaki kufanele bagcine i-radius encane yokugoba evame ukuphindwe ka-4 kuya ku-6 kunobubanzi bangaphandle bekhebula. Kuma-inverter aqinile asekhaya, aqinile Ukuvikela isimo sezulu okulinganiselwe yi-IP68—okusebenza ngqo ezihlanganisweni zokuxhuma ezihlanganiswe ngokuphelele kunejakethi yekhebula yodwa—kumele ilinganiswe ngokuguquguquka okwanele kwekhebula ukuze kuvinjelwe ukucindezeleka okungadingekile kwemishini emajoyintini nasematheminalini.
Indlela Yokukhetha Ikhebula Elifanele Lokwelulwa Kwelanga le-PNTech
Ukukhetha ingqalasizinda yezintambo ezifanele kudinga indlela ehlelekile ehlelwe ngokwemigomo ethile yephrojekthi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ifake isakhiwo esikhulu sezentengiselwano noma isethaphu sendawo yokuhlala encane, inqubo yokuthenga kumele iqinisekise ukuhambisana nokusebenza. Ekusetshenzisweni okukhulu, okuchaza imibala yejazi eyenziwe ngokwezifiso ye-PNTech noma ubude obukhethekile kuqinisekisa ukuthi izidingo eziqondile zokwakha kanye nokuphepha ziyahlangatshezwa ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ubuqotho bukagesi.
Izinyathelo Zokukhetha Ezisebenzayo Ngokwesimo Esisetshenziswayo
Inqubo yokukhetha iqala ngokubala ugesi olindelekile ophezulu kanye nokulinganisa ibanga elibonakalayo phakathi kwama-solar arrays kanye ne-inverter. Lokhu kuvumela ukubalwa kokwehla kwe-voltage okulindelekile. Esikhundleni somthetho ongaqondakali othi "gcina ngaphansi kuka-2%", abafaki kufanele basebenzise ifomula ejwayelekile ye-DC voltage-drop: Ukwehla Kwevolumu (V) = (2 × Ubude ngamakhilomitha × Amandla ku-A × Ukumelana Nekhebula ku-Ω/km)Isibonelo, ukugijima okungamamitha angu-50 (0.05 km) kuthwele ama-20A ku-6.
Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele
- Cacisa izintambo zesandiso se-PV kanye nama-harnesses ebhethri ngokwahlukana ngoba izintambo ze-array ezine-voltage ephezulu kanye nezintambo zesitoreji ezine-high-current zinezidingo ezihlukile zokuxhuma, ukuvikela, kanye ne-fault-current.
- Sebenzisa izingxenye eziqinisekisiwe njengentambo ye-UL 4703 PV, izixhumi ze-IEC 62852, kanye nemiklamo yekhebula ye-TÜV 2 PfG ukusekela ukusebenza kwangaphandle okuphephile kanye nokufakwa okuhambisana nekhodi.
- Khetha osayizi be-conductor abanjengo-4.0 mm² noma u-6.0 mm² kuphela ngemva kokuhlola amandla okufaka i-inverter, ubude bekhebula, ukwehla kwamandla kagesi, kanye nezici zokunciphisa ukufakwa.
- Qinisekisa ukuhambisana kwesixhumi esikhundleni sokucabanga ukuthi yonke imikhiqizo ehambisana ne-MC4 ingahlanganiswa, njengoba izinhlobo ezixubile zingadala ikhodi, iwaranti, kanye nezingozi zokuphepha komlilo.
- Lawula ukumelana kuzo zonke izindawo zokuxhuma ngezixhumi ezingamelani nokuxhumana okuphansi, izindlela zokukhiya ezifanele, kanye ne-torque efanele ye-terminal ukuze unciphise ukulahleka kokushisa nokushisa.
imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa
Isetshenziselwani ikhebula lokwelula ilanga?
Ikhebula lesandiso selanga lidlulisa amandla e-DC ane-voltage ephezulu kusuka kumamojula e-PV kuya kubalawuli bokushaja, ama-inverter, noma amabhokisi okuhlanganisa. Landisa izintambo ezihleliwe ngenkathi ligcina ukuxhumana okuphephile, okumelana nesimo sezulu uma kulinganiswa kahle futhi kuqinisekiswe.
Ikhebula le-PV extension lihluke kanjani ku-harness yebhethri?
Izintambo zokwelula ze-PV zivame ukuthwala i-DC enamandla aphezulu avela kumaphaneli elanga futhi zisebenzisa izixhumi ezihambisana ne-MC4. Ama-harnesses ebhethri aphatha ukuxhumana kwesitoreji okunamandla aphansi, amandla aphezulu futhi adinga ama-terminal ahlukene, ukulawula i-torque, kanye nokuvikelwa kwamandla amaphutha.
Yiziphi izitifiketi ezibalulekile ngezintambo zokwandisa amandla elanga?
Izitifiketi ezibalulekile zifaka phakathi i-TUV yentambo ye-PV, i-IEC 62852 yezixhumi, kanye ne-TÜV 2 PfG yokusebenza kwekhebula le-photovoltaic. Lokhu kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukufudumala, ukuqina, kanye nokuphepha ngaphansi kwezimo zelanga zangaphandle.
Yimuphi usayizi wekhebula ojwayelekile ezinhlelweni zelanga zasemakhaya?
Izinhlelo eziningi ze-PV zokuhlala zisebenzisa ama-conductor angu-4.0 mm² noma angu-6.0 mm², kuye ngokuthi i-inverter input current ingakanani, ubude bekhebula, imikhawulo yokwehla kwamandla kagesi, indlela yokufaka, kanye nezidingo zekhodi kagesi yendawo.
Ingabe zonke izixhumi ezihambisana ne-MC4 zingahlanganiswa ndawonye?
Cha. Ukuhambisana ne-MC4 akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi ukushintshaniswa. Ukuxuba izixhumi ze-MC4 zangempela nama-clone ezinkampani zangaphandle kungaphula amakhodi, kuqede iziqinisekiso, futhi kwandise ingozi yomlilo noma ye-arc-fault.