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Izintambo ze-DC ze-photovoltaic ezinokwethenjelwa azichazwa yizincazelo zodwa; ukusebenza kwazo kwangempela kuncike ekutheni ama-conductor, i-insulation, i-shielding, kanye ne-jacketing zenziwa futhi zilawulwa kanjani esigabeni ngasinye sokukhiqiza. Lesi sihloko sichaza amasu okukhiqiza athinta kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kukagesi, ukuzinza kokushisa, ukumelana nesimo sezulu, kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kwenkonzo ekufakweni kwelanga. Uzobona ukuthi ukukhethwa kwezinto, ukugoba kwe-conductor, ukunemba kwe-extrusion, ukuxhumanisa, kanye nokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi kusebenza kanjani ndawonye ukunciphisa ukulahleka, ukuvimbela ukwehluleka kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, kanye nokuhlangabezana nezidingo ezidingekayo ze-1500V DC kanye nokuqina kwangaphandle. Ngaleso sisekelo, ingxoxo ingadlulela ezinqubweni ezithile kanye nezilawuli ezihlukanisa ikhwalithi ephezulu. Ikhebula le-Photovoltaic ukukhiqizwa.
Kungani ukukhiqizwa kwekhebula le-DC le-photovoltaic kubalulekile
Ukushintshela emandleni avuselelekayo kuncike kakhulu ekuqineni nasekusebenzeni kahle kwengqalasizinda yelanga. Enhliziyweni yale ngqalasizinda ebonakalayo kukhona izintambo ezithutha ugesi oqondile (DC) kusuka kumaphaneli elanga kuya emabhokisini okuhlanganisa kanye nama-inverter. Ukunemba kanye nekhwalithi yenqubo yokukhiqiza kulawula ngqo ukuphepha, ukusebenza kahle kukagesi, kanye nokusebenza kwesikhathi eside kwe-photovoltaic array yonke.
Ukusebenza kahle, ukukwazi ukukhokha izikweletu, kanye nezindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila
Amaphrojekthi elanga asezingeni lezinsiza aklanywa ngokwezezimali ngokwesikhathi sokuphila esisebenzayo seminyaka engama-25 kuya kwengama-30. Ukufeza lokhu kuphila isikhathi eside kudinga izingxenye ezingamelana nezingcindezi ezinkulu zemvelo ngaphandle kokwehla. Ukukhiqiza okuseqophelweni eliphezulu kunciphisa ukumelana kukagesi, kugcina ukulahlekelwa kokudluliselwa kwe-DC kungaphansi komkhawulo ojwayelekile wemboni ongu-1% kuya ku-2%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungakwazi kwephrojekthi yelanga—ikhono layo lokuthola uxhaso oluhle—kuncike kakhulu ekusebenziseni izingxenye ze-tier-1.
Amakhebula kumele aklanywe ukuze abhekane nokushintshashintsha okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa, ngokuvamile alinganiswa ngezimo ezizungezile kusukela ku--40°C kuya emazingeni okushisa aqhubekayo angu-+120°C. Ukukhiqiza okungaphansi kwezinga elifanele kuphazamisa lokhu kubekezelelana kokushisa, okuholela ekwehlulekeni kokufakwa kokushisa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, amaphutha omhlaba, kanye nezindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila ezikhulayo ngokushintsha njalo kanye nokungasebenzi kwesistimu.
Izinhlobo zekhebula, ukwakhiwa, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza
Ama-solar arrays anamuhla asebenzisa kakhulu izintambo ezine-single-core, ezifakwe i-insulation ezimbili ezenzelwe ukusetshenziswa kwe-high voltage, ikakhulukazi izinhlelo ze-1500V DC ezijwayelekile manje. Ukwakhiwa kuvame ukuba nezikhonkwane zethusi ezifakwe izintambo ezincane, ezinikeza ukuguquguquka okuphezulu kanye nokumelana nokugqwala uma kuqhathaniswa nethusi elingenalutho. Izindawo ezivamile ezinqamulayo zisukela ku-4mm² kuya ku-10mm², ezikhethiwe ngokusekelwe kumthamo odingekayo wokuthwala ugesi wentambo.
Ukufakwa komoya kanye ne-external sheath kwakhiwe ngezinto ze-polyolefin (XLPO) ezixhumene ne-cross-linked, okuletha ukumelana okungavamile emisebeni ye-ultraviolet (UV), i-ozone, kanye nokuhuzuka komshini. Kuye ngendawo yokufaka—kungaba yizindawo zokugcina amanzi ezintantayo, ama-array ophahleni, noma amapulazi asogwadule angomile—abakhiqizi kumele balungise ukwakheka kwe-polymer ukuze bathuthukise izakhiwo ezithile njengokumelana namanzi noma ukungabi namandla komlilo.
Amasu abalulekile okukhiqiza ikhebula le-DC le-photovoltaic
Ukukhiqiza izintambo ezikwazi ukusinda amashumi eminyaka okuvezwa kabi kwemvelo kudinga ukuthuthukiswa Amasu okukhiqiza ikhebula le-DC le-photovoltaicUkuthuthuka kwalezi zindlela kuvumele abakhiqizi ukuba basuke ezintweni ze-PVC ezindala, bathuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza ngenkathi ngesikhathi esifanayo bephakamisa ubuqotho obungokomzimba nobukagesi bomkhiqizo oqediwe ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zelanga zanamuhla.
Ukuhlanganisa, ukuhlanganisa, kanye nokukhipha
Umjikelezo wokukhiqiza uqala ngokudweba nokubopha izintambo ngokunemba. Ukuze kufezwe ukuguquguquka okudingekayo kokufakwa kwensimu (izinga le-Class 5), amakhulu ezintambo zethusi ezicolekile, ezifakwe ethini zihlanganiswa kahle. Ngemva kokubopha, izigaba zokuhlanganisa nokukhipha zisebenzisa izendlalelo ze-XLP ezivikelayo. Izakhiwo zanamuhla zivame ukusebenzisa imigqa yokukhipha ehlanganisiwe, zisebenzisa kokubili ukuvikela kwangaphakathi kanye nejazi langaphandle ngesikhathi esisodwa ngesivinini esiphezulu esisukela kumamitha angu-300 kuya kwangu-500 ngomzuzu.
Isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ukuxhumanisa, okuguqula i-polymer ye-thermoplastic ibe yi-thermoset eqinile. Ukukhiqiza okuphezulu kuncike ekukhanyeni kwemisebe ye-electron (e-beam), lapho ikhebula lidlula khona ku-accelerator ehlasela i-polymer ngesilinganiso semisebe esiqondile, ngokuvamile phakathi kuka-10 no-15 Mrad. Lokhu kudala inethiwekhi yama-molecule eqinile, enezinhlangothi ezintathu ethuthukisa kakhulu ukuzinza kokushisa nokomshini.
Izindlela zokuqhathanisa izindlela zokukhiqiza
Uma kuhlolwa izindlela zokukhiqiza, ukukhetha ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumanisa yikona okuyinhloko okuhlukile emakethe. Ngenkathi ukushiswa kwemisebe ye-e-beam kumelela indinganiso ephezulu yezinhlelo zokusebenza zesikali sezinsiza, ukuxhumanisa kwamakhemikhali (njengendlela ye-silane) nakho kuyasetshenziswa ezigabeni ezahlukene zemakethe.
| Isici | Ukuxhumanisa Okuphambene Kwe-Electron Beam (E-Beam) | Ukuxhumanisa i-Silane (Yekhemikhali) |
|---|---|---|
| Indlela yokusebenza | Ukuqhuma kwama-electron anamandla aphezulu | Umswakama nokushisa |
| Ukumelana Nokushisa | Okungavamile (kufika ku-120°C njalo) | Okumaphakathi kuya Kokuphezulu (kufika ku-90°C okuqhubekayo) |
| Isivinini Sokukhiqiza | Okusheshayo kakhulu (izisheshisi eziku-inthanethi noma ezingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi) | Kancane kancane (kudinga isikhathi sokupholisa emanzini/e-sauna) |
| Umthelela Wezemvelo | Inqubo ehlanzekile, akukho zinsalela zamakhemikhali | Ikhiqiza imikhiqizo ethile yamakhemikhali |
| Isicelo Esifanele | Izindawo ezisezingeni lezinsizakusebenza nezinzima | Amaphrojekthi ezindawo zokuhlala, athinta izindleko |
Ukukhetha indlela efanele kuncike esikalini sephrojekthi, imikhawulo yesabelomali, kanye nobunzima bendawo yokufakwa elindelekile.
Indlela yokuhlola ukukhiqizwa kwekhebula le-DC le-photovoltaic
Ukuthola izintambo ezithembekile kudinga ukuhlolwa okujulile kwendawo yokukhiqiza yomhlinzeki. Abathengi nabathuthukisi bephrojekthi kumele bahlole ukuthi umenzi usebenzisa kanjani izinqubo zokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi futhi iphatha uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka kusukela ezintweni zokusetshenziswa kuya endaweni eqediwe, inciphisa izingozi zezimali zezingozi zomlilo kanye namaphutha omhlaba.
Ukulawulwa kwenqubo, ukuhlolwa okusemgqeni, kanye nokulandelela
Izikhungo zokukhiqiza ze-elite zihlanganisa izilawuli zenqubo eqhubekayo ukuze kususwe amaphutha ngaphambi kokuba ikhebula ligoqwe. Ama-micrometer e-laser angaphakathi aqapha ububanzi bekhebula ngesikhathi sangempela, aqinisekise ukuthi ubukhulu bokufudumeza buhlala buhambisana futhi ukugxila kuhlala ngaphezu komkhawulo oqinile ongu-85% ofunwa yizinhlaka ezijwayelekile njenge-EN 50618 kanye I-Iec 62930. Ukuwa ngaphansi kwalesi silinganiso kungabangela ukwehluleka okukhulu kokuvala lapho kuhlanganiswa izintambo ezinezixhumi ze-MC4. Noma yikuphi ukuphambuka kubangela ukulungiswa kwemigqa okuzenzakalelayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa kwenhlansi ye-high-voltage Kwenziwa ngqo emgqeni wokukhipha. Ikhebula lihlolwa nge-spark ye-AC phakathi kuka-6kV no-10kV ukuze kutholakale ngokushesha noma yiziphi izimbobo ezincane noma amabala angenalutho ku-insulation. Izinhlelo zokulandelela eziphelele nazo zibalulekile; i-spool ngayinye kufanele ibe nebhakhodi ehlukile eyixhumanisa neqembu lokukhiqiza elithile, umthombo wethusi, kanye nomsebenzisi wokukhipha, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi unesibopho esiphelele.
Izici zezinqumo zabakhiqizi nabathengi
Lapho bekhetha umlingani wokukhiqiza, abathengi kumele bahlole izici eziningana zezokuthutha nezentengiselwano kanye namakhono obuchwepheshe. Ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke, okufakazelwa yizitifiketi ezifana ne-TÜV noma i-UL 4703, akunakuxoxiswana ngazo ngezinhlelo eziboshwe ngegridi. Ukuqina kochungechunge lokuphakelwa kungenye into ebalulekile ehlobene nokutholakala kwezinto zokusetshenziswa; abakhiqizi abaphezulu bavame ukugcina izikhathi zokuhola zamasonto amabili kuya kwamane, yize lokhu kungaqhubeka phakathi nezikhathi zesidingo esikhulu somhlaba wonke noma ukuguquguquka kwentengo yethusi.
Abathengi kumele futhi bacabangele ubuNini be-oda elincane (ama-MOQ), ngokuvamile aqala cishe amamitha angu-5,000 ngezigaba ezijwayelekile ezingama-4mm² noma ama-6mm², kodwa anganda kakhulu ngemibala yejakethi eyenziwe ngokwezifiso noma izingxube ze-polymer ezikhethekile. Ekugcineni, ukutshala imali ezintanjeni ezikhiqizwe ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuqinile kuveza izindleko eziphansi zobunikazi ngokuvimbela ukwehluleka kwesistimu okuyingozi phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwempahla.
Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele
- Iziphetho ezibaluleke kakhulu kanye nesizathu samasu okukhiqiza ikhebula le-DC le-photovoltaic
- Imininingwane, ukuhambisana, kanye nokuhlolwa kwengozi okufanele kuqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokuthi uzibophezele
- Izinyathelo ezilandelayo ezisebenzayo kanye nezixwayiso abafundi abangazisebenzisa ngokushesha
imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa
Kungani ukuxhumanisa nge-e-beam cross-linking kukhethwa kakhulu kumakhebula e-DC e-photovoltaic?
Kwakha isakhiwo se-XLP esiqinile, sisekela izinga lokushisa eliqhubekayo elifika ku-120°C, ukukhiqizwa okusheshayo, kanye nokuqina okungcono kwesikhathi eside ezindaweni ezisetshenziswayo noma ezinzima.
Yikuphi okokusebenza komqhubi okungcono kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwekhebula le-DC le-photovoltaic?
Ithusi elifakwe ethini elinezintambo ezincane livame ukuthandwa ngoba lithuthukisa ukuguquguquka, limelana nokugqwala, futhi lisekela ukufakwa okuthembekile ophahleni, ogwadule, nasezinhlelweni zelanga ezintantayo.
Yimuphi usayizi wekhebula ovame ukusetshenziswa ezintanjeni ze-DC zelanga?
Osayizi abavamile bangama-4mm² kuya ku-10mm². Ukukhetha okulungile kuncike kumandla kagesi, imikhawulo yokwehla kwamandla kagesi, kanye nobude bokufakwa.
Abathengi bangawuhlola kanjani umenzi wekhebula le-DC le-photovoltaic?
Hlola ikhwalithi yomqhubi, ukuqina kokufakwa kwe-XLPO, indlela yokuxhumanisa, ukulawulwa komugqa wokukhiqiza, kanye nokuhambisana nezidingo zokusebenza kwemvelo zesikhathi eside ze-1500V DC.
Kunini lapho ukuxhumanisa i-silane cross-linking kufaneleka khona kumakhebula e-DC e-photovoltaic?
Ngokuvamile ifaneleka kumaphrojekthi okuhlala noma adinga izindleko ezincane lapho izimo zingabi zimbi kakhulu futhi izinga lokushisa eliqhubekayo elingu-90°C liyamukeleka.