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Izixhumi Zelanga zingaba zincane, kodwa ezinhlelweni zesimanje ze-PV zithwala amandla e-DC aphezulu phakathi namashumi eminyaka okushisa, ukubanda, ukuvezwa kwe-UV, umswakama, usawoti, kanye nokungcoliswa kwamakhemikhali. Ukuqina kwazo kuthinta ngqo ukuphepha, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla, kanye nezindleko zokugcinwa kwesikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi ekufakweni kwezinsizakusebenza kanye nezentengiselwano lapho uxhumano olulodwa olubuthakathaka lungalimaza yonke intambo. Lesi sihloko sihlola ukucindezeleka kwemvelo okubhekene nezixhumi zelanga, izinto zokwakha kanye namasu okuvala ezisiza ukuba zimelane nokuguga nokugqwala, kanye nezindlela zokwehluleka ezivela lapho lezo zivikelo zingaphumeleli, okuhlinzeka ngesisekelo esisebenzayo sokuhlola ukuthembeka kwezixhumi ezimweni zensimu ezidingayo.
Kungani Ukuqina Kokuxhumanisa Ilanga Kubalulekile
Izixhumi zelanga zisebenza njengezindawo zokuxhumanisa ezibalulekile kuma-array e-photovoltaic (PV) asezingeni lokusetshenziswa kanye nawezentengiselwano, anomsebenzi wokudlulisa amandla ngokuphephile eminyakeni engamashumi eminyaka yokusebenza okuqhubekayo. Njengoba ama-voltage esistimu yemboni ekhuphukele ku- 1500V Ukuze kukhuliswe ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisa, izidingo ezibekwe kulezi zingxenye ezincane zikhule kakhulu. Ukuxhumeka okukodwa okuphazamisekile kungabeka engcupheni ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kwentambo yonke, okwenza ukuqina kwesakhiwo kanye nemvelo kube yinto edingekayo kakhulu kunokuba kube ukuthuthukiswa okukhethwayo.
Imiphumela yezindawo ezinzima ekuthembekeni kwesixhumi
Izinhlelo ze-photovoltaic zisebenza kwezinye zezimo ezingezinhle emhlabeni jikelele, zibeka ingqalasizinda engcupheni eqhubekayo yokucindezeleka kwemvelo. izixhumi zelanga eziqinile ezemvelo izixazululo zibaluleke kakhulu, njengoba izingxenye kumele zibekezelele ukujikeleza kokushisa kwansuku zonke emazingeni okushisa aphakathi nendawo asukela ku--40°C kuya ku-+85°C. Ngesikhathi seminyaka engu-25 yokusebenza kwephrojekthi ejwayelekile, lokhu kwanda nokuncipha okuqhubekayo kungakhathaza kakhulu izivalo zemishini kanye nokuxhumana kwensimbi.
Ngale kokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa, amazinga aphezulu emisebe ye-ultraviolet (UV) Ukuwohloka kancane kancane kwezindlu ze-polymer eziphansi, okuholela ekuqhekekeni nasekuqhekekeni okuncane. Ukufakwa kwe-PV ogwini, kwezolimo, noma okuntantayo kuletha izinsongo ezengeziwe zamakhemikhali, ikakhulukazi inkungu kasawoti kanye nokugcwala okuphezulu kwe-ammonia, okusheshisa ukugqwala kwe-galvanic uma izingxenye zangaphakathi eziqhubayo zingavalwanga ngokwanele ngokumelene nomswakama kanye nokungena kwegesi.
Izindlela ezivamile zokwehluleka kanye nezingozi zokusebenza
Uma ukuzivikela kwemvelo kwehluleka, izingozi zokusebenza ziyanda ngokushesha. Imodi yokuhluleka evame kakhulu ihilela ukwanda kancane kancane kokumelana nokuxhumana. Uma umswakama udlula ama-O-rings aphazamisekile, kwakheka i-oxidation ezipinini zensimbi zangaphakathi, okushayela ukumelana nokuxhumana ngaphezu komkhawulo wokuphepha ongu-0.5 mΩ ojwayelekile. Lokhu kumelana kukhiqiza ukushisa kwendawo, okudala iluphu yempendulo yokushisa ebhubhisayo.
Ekugcineni, ukuwohloka okukhulu kubonakala njengokubaleka kokushisa, i-micro-arcing, noma ukuncibilika ngokuphelele kwendlu ye-polymer yesixhumi. Idatha yensimu yemboni ikhombisa ukuthi izixhumi ze-DC ezinephutha, eziwohlokile, noma ezingahlangani kahle zinesibopho somlilo wesistimu ye-PV ongaphezu kuka-70% obikiwe. Lesi sibalo siqokomisa izikweletu ezinkulu zokuphepha kanye nokulahlekelwa okukhulu kwemali engenayo okuhlobene nokunganaki ukuqina kwemvelo ngesikhathi sesigaba sokuthenga.
Yini Enquma Ukuqina Kwesixhumi Selanga
Ukuqina kwendawo yokuxhuma i-PV kunqunywa isayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo eqinile kanye nobunjiniyela bokunemba. Abakhiqizi kumele balinganisele ukuhanjiswa kukagesi nokuqina kwemishini ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izingxenye zisinda amashumi eminyaka okuvezwa okungapheli ngaphandle kokonakalisa umkhiqizo wamandla noma iphrofayili yokuphepha yesistimu.
Izici ezibalulekile zokuklama, izinto zokwakha, kanye nesitifiketi
Izikhonkwane ze-premium housings zivame ukubunjwa nge-injection kusuka ku-Polyphenylene Ether (PPE) noma i-Polycarbonate (PC) blends. Lawa mapulasitiki akhethekile anikeza ukumelana okuphezulu kwe-UV futhi afinyelela amazinga aphezulu okuvutha, ikakhulukazi indinganiso ye-UL94 V-0. Ngaphakathi, amaphini okuhambisa akhiwa ngama-alloy ethusi ahlanzekile kakhulu futhi ambozwe nge-tin ecijile noma i-silver plating ukuvimbela i-oxidation nokuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwesikhathi eside, okulahlekelwa kancane.
Izitifiketi zisebenza njengesisekelo esiyinhloko sokuhlola ukuqina. Izingxenye kumele zihlangabezane nezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke eziqinile, ikakhulukazi i-IEC 62852 kanye ne-UL 6703. Lezi zinqubo zibeka izixhumi ezivivinyweni zokuguga ezisheshayo, njengokushisa okumanzi (ngokuvamile okungu-85°C kumswakama ongu-85% amahora ayi-1,000) kanye nokuvezwa okukhulu kwe-UV, okuqinisekisa ukuthi amandla omshini kanye nokumelana nokufakwa kwe-dielectric kuhlala kuphelele ngaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu.
Indlela yokuqhathanisa imininingwane, izinto zokwakha, kanye nokuvala
Uma kuhlolwa imininingwane yobuchwepheshe, amaqembu okuthenga kumele abheke ngale kokuhambisana nesisekelo. Izixhumi eziphezulu zinezindandatho ze-silicone O ezithuthukisiwe kanye nemiklamo ye-nuts ekhiyayo ukuze kugcinwe ukuvikelwa kwangempela kokungena kwe-IP68, okuqinisekisa ukuthi zihlala zingangeni manzi ngisho noma zicwiliswe ekujuleni kwemitha eli-1 amahora angama-24.
| Isici | Isixhumi Esijwayelekile | Isixhumi Esihlala Isikhathi Eside |
|---|---|---|
| Izinto Zendlu | I-PA/Inayiloni eyisisekelo | Inhlanganisela ye-PPE/PPO ye-Premium |
| Ukuvikelwa Kokungena | I-IP67 (Ukuchitheka/Imvula) | I-IP68 (Isilinganiso sokucwiliswa) |
| Ukumelana Nokuxhumana | ||
| Ibanga Lokushisa Lokusebenza | -40°C kuya ku-+70°C | -40°C kuya ku-+90°C |
| Isitifiketi se-Salt Mist | Ongakukhetha | I-IEC 61701 Izinga 6 |
Ukuqhathanisa lezi zilinganiso kuqinisekisa ukuthi abathengi bakhetha izinto ezifanelana kahle nephrofayili ethile yezemvelo yesayithi labo. Ukucacisa ukumelana okuphansi kokuthintana kanye ukuvikelwa kokungena okuphezulu kuvimbela ukushintshwa kwezingxenye ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi kunciphisa izindleko zamandla ezilinganisiwe zesikhathi eside (i-LCOE).
Indlela Yokuqinisekisa Ukuqina Kwesixhumi Ngokusebenza
Ngisho nezingxenye ezakhiwe kahle kakhulu zizohluleka uma zingasetshenziswanga kahle noma zithathwe emigqeni yokukhiqiza engaguquki. Ukuqinisekisa ukuqina kwesikhathi eside kudinga ukugadwa okuqinile ngesikhathi sesigaba sokufakwa kwensimu kanye nendlela ehlelekile, eqhutshwa idatha yokufaneleka kwabathengisi.
Ukuhlolwa, ukuhlolwa, ukufakwa, kanye nokuhlolwa kokugcinwa
Ukuqina kwensimu kuncike kakhulu emikhubeni yokufaka enembile. Abafaki kumele basebenzise amathuluzi okugoqa alinganiswe ngumkhiqizi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uxhumano lwekhebula nephini luhlangabezana nemingcele edingekayo yokudonsa, okuyimithetho ejwayelekile enquma ukuthi kumele idlule i-310N yekhebula le-PV elijwayelekile elingu-4mm². Ukugoqa okungalungile kushiya izikhala ezincane kakhulu lapho umswakama ungaqongelela khona, okusheshisa ukugqwala kwentambo yangaphakathi ngokushesha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ochwepheshe kumele balandele izimfuneko eziqondile ze-torque ye-cable gland yesixhumi—ngokuvamile phakathi kuka-2.5 Nm no-3.0 Nm. Ukuqinisa kakhulu kungaphula i-plastic housings, kuyilapho ukuqinisa okunganele kwehluleka ukubopha kahle uphawu lwe-IP68. Ukuhlolwa kokulungisa okubalulekile kuhilela nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhlanganisa (ama-plug axhumanisayo avela kubakhiqizi abahlukene) akwenzekanga. Ukuhlanganisa ngokuzenzakalelayo kuqeda izitifiketi zomthetho futhi kungandisa ukumelana kokuxhumana ngamaphesenti afinyelela ku-300 ngenxa yokungafani kobukhulu obuncane.
Ukuhlolwa komhlinzeki kanye nezindlela zokuthenga
Lapho befanelekela abahlinzeki bokuthunyelwa okukhulu, abathengi kumele bahlole ingqalasizinda yokulawula ikhwalithi yomkhiqizi. Ukuhlola umhlinzeki kuhilela ukubuyekeza amazinga abo okukhubazeka omlando, okufanele abe ngaphansi kwezingxenye ezingama-50 ngesigidi (PPM) zezingxenye ezibalulekile ze-DC ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana kwe-batch-to-batch.
Amaqembu okuthenga kufanele futhi ahlole ukuguquguquka kweketanga lokuhlinzeka, eqaphela ukuthi inani elincane lama-oda (ama-MOQ) livame ukuba phakathi kwamayunithi ayi-1,000 kuya kwangu-5,000 kuma-oda aqondile efektri. Abathengi kumele bafune imibiko ephelele yokuhlola ibhetshi yomuntu wesithathu ngaphambi kokwamukela ukulethwa. Okokugcina, ukuthola i- iwaranti yomkhiqizo okungenani yeminyaka eyi-10 kuya kweyi-15 ngokuqondile kumkhiqizi kuqinisekisa ukuthi izilinganiso zokuqina ezichaziwe zizosekelwa ukuvikelwa kwezezimali okusebenzayo phakathi nesigaba sokusebenza esibaluleke kakhulu sephrojekthi.
Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele
- Iziphetho ezibaluleke kakhulu kanye nesizathu sokuqinisekisa ukuqina: Indlela Izixhumi Zelanga Ezimelana Ngayo Nezimo Zemvelo Ezinzima
- Imininingwane, ukuhambisana, kanye nokuhlolwa kwengozi okufanele kuqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokuthi uzibophezele
- Izinyathelo ezilandelayo ezisebenzayo kanye nezixwayiso abafundi abangazisebenzisa ngokushesha
imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa
Kungani ukuqina kwesixhumi kubaluleke kangaka ezinhlelweni ze-PV?
Isixhumi esiwohlokile singakhuphula ukumelana kokuthintana, sidale ukushisa, futhi sinciphise ukuphuma kwentambo. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, izixhumi ze-DC ezibi noma ezonakele zingabangela izingozi zokuqhekeka, ukuncibilika, noma umlilo.
Yiziphi izimo zemvelo ezilimaza kakhulu izixhumi zelanga?
Izinsongo eziyinhloko ukujikeleza kokushisa, ukuchayeka ku-UV, ukungena komswakama, inkungu kasawoti, kanye ne-ammonia. Lokhu kungaqhekeka izimbobo, kunciphise izivalo, futhi kugqwale ukuxhumana kwensimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Yiziphi izici okufanele abathengi bazihlole kuqala?
Beka phambili ukuhambisana ne-IEC 62852 noma i-UL 6703, ukuvalwa kwe-IP68, ukumelana okuphansi kokuthintana, indlu ye-PPE/PC engamelana ne-UV, kanye nobubanzi bokusebenza obufana no--40°C kuya ku-+90°C.
Ngingabona kanjani ukuthi isixhumi sifanelekile yini ezindaweni ezisogwini noma zezolimo?
Hlola ukuvalwa okuqinile kanye nokumelana nokugqwala. Kumasayithi aqinile, khetha izixhumi ezinezivikelo ze-IP68, oxhumana nabo bethusi abafakwe ithini noma isiliva, kanye nesitifiketi se-salt mist njenge-IEC 61701 Level 6.
Abafaki bangasiza kanjani izixhumi ukuthi zihlale isikhathi eside?
Sebenzisa izixhumi ezifanelana kahle kuphela, qinisekisa ukuhlangana okuphelele kanye nokubopha okukhiyiwe, gwema izivalo ezonakele, futhi uhlole umswakama noma ukushisa ngokweqile ngesikhathi sokulungiswa. Ukufakwa kabi kunganqoba ngisho nemiklamo yezinga eliphezulu.