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Iintambo ze-DC ze-photovoltaic ezithembekileyo azichazwa ngokweenkcukacha zodwa; ukusebenza kwazo ngokwenene kuxhomekeke kwindlela ezenziwa kwaye zilawulwa ngayo ii-conductors, i-insulation, i-shielding, kunye ne-jacketing kwinqanaba ngalinye lemveliso. Eli nqaku lichaza iindlela zokwenza ezichaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kombane, uzinzo lobushushu, ukumelana nemozulu, kunye nobomi benkonzo ende kufakelo lwelanga. Uza kubona indlela ukukhethwa kwezinto, ukuxhuzula kwe-conductor, ukuchaneka kwe-extrusion, ukudibanisa, kunye novavanyo lomgangatho ezisebenzisana ngayo ukunciphisa ilahleko, ukuthintela ukusilela kwangethuba, kunye nokuhlangabezana neemfuno ezifunekayo ze-1500V DC kunye nokuqina kwangaphandle. Ngeso siseko, ingxoxo ingangena kwiinkqubo ezithile kunye nolawulo oluhlula umgangatho ophezulu. Intambo ye-Photovoltaic imveliso.
Kutheni ukwenziwa kweentambo ze-photovoltaic DC kubalulekile
Utshintsho oluya kumandla avuselelekayo luxhomekeke kakhulu ekuqineni nasekusebenzeni kakuhle kweziseko zophuhliso zelanga. Embindini wesi siseko sophuhliso kukho iintambo ezithutha umsinga othe ngqo (DC) ukusuka kwiiphaneli zelanga ukuya kwiibhokisi zokudibanisa kunye nee-inverters. Ukuchaneka kunye nomgangatho wenkqubo yokuvelisa kulawula ngokuthe ngqo ukhuseleko, ukusebenza kakuhle kombane, kunye nokusebenza ixesha elide kwe-photovoltaic array yonke.
Ukusebenza, ukuba nokukwazi ukuhlawula imali, kunye neendleko zomjikelo wobomi
Iiprojekthi zelanga ezisetyenziswa ngokwemali zilungiselelwe ubomi obusebenzayo beminyaka engama-25 ukuya kwengama-30. Ukufezekisa obu bude bexesha kufuna izinto ezinokumelana noxinzelelo olukhulu lokusingqongileyo ngaphandle kokwehla. Ukuveliswa komgangatho ophezulu kunciphisa ukumelana nombane, kugcina ilahleko zothumelo lwe-DC zingaphantsi komda omiselweyo weshishini we-1% ukuya kwi-2%. Ngaphezu koko, ukuba iprojekthi yelanga ingakwazi ukuhlawula imali—amandla ayo okufumana inkxaso-mali efanelekileyo—kuxhomekeke kakhulu ekusebenziseni izinto ze-tier-1.
Iintambo kufuneka zenziwe ngendlela yokuba zikwazi ukumelana nokuguquguquka okukhulu kobushushu, okuhlala kulinganiswe kwiimeko ezingqongileyo ukusuka kwi -40°C ukuya kumaqondo obushushu aqhubekayo e-conductor angama-+120°C. Ukuveliswa okungaphantsi komgangatho kuphazamisa olu tshintsho lobushushu, okukhokelela ekusileleni kokufakelwa kobushushu ngaphambi kwexesha, iimpazamo zomhlaba, kunye nokunyuka kweendleko zomjikelo wobomi ngokutshintshwa rhoqo kunye nokungasebenzi kwenkqubo.
Iintlobo zeentambo, ulwakhiwo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo
Ii-solar arrays zanamhlanje zisebenzisa kakhulu iintambo ezine-single-core, ezifakwe i-insulation ezimbini ezenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kwe-high-voltage systems, ngakumbi iinkqubo ze-1500V DC ezisemgangathweni ngoku. Ulwakhiwo luhlala lune-fine-stranded copper conductors, ezibonelela ngokuguquguquka okuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokugqwala xa kuthelekiswa ne-copper engenanto. Iindawo eziqhelekileyo ezinqamlezileyo ziqala kwi-4mm² ukuya kwi-10mm², ezikhethwe ngokusekelwe kumthamo ofunekayo wokuthwala umsinga wentambo.
I-insulation kunye ne-external sheath zenziwe ngezinto ze-polyolefin (XLPO) ezidityanisiweyo, ezinika ukumelana okugqwesileyo kwimitha ye-ultraviolet (UV), i-ozone, kunye nokukrala koomatshini. Ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo yokufakela—nokuba ziindawo zokugcina amanzi elanga ezidadayo, ii-arrays zophahla, okanye iifama zasentlango ezomileyo—abavelisi kufuneka balungise iifomyula ze-polymer ukuze baphucule iipropati ezithile ezifana nokumelana namanzi okanye ukuthintela ilangatye.
Iindlela eziphambili zokwenza iintambo ze-photovoltaic DC
Ukuvelisa iintambo ezikwaziyo ukusinda amashumi eminyaka okuvezwa kokusingqongileyo okunzima kufuna ubuchwephesha obuphezulu Iindlela zokwenza iintambo ze-photovoltaic DCUphuhliso lwezi ndlela luvumele abavelisi ukuba bayeke ukusebenzisa izixhobo zePVC zakudala, nto leyo ephucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso ngelixa ngaxeshanye bephakamisa ubunyani bomzimba nobombane bemveliso egqityiweyo ukuze ihlangabezane neemfuno zanamhlanje zelanga.
Ukuxinga, ukudibanisa, kunye nokukhupha
Umjikelo wemveliso uqala ngokuzoba nokubopha intambo ngokuchanekileyo. Ukuze kufezekiswe ukuguquguquka okufunekayo kokufakwa kwentsimi (umgangatho weKlasi 5), amakhulu eentambo zobhedu ezicolekileyo nezifakwe kwi-tin ziyabotshwa ngokuqinileyo. Emva kokubopha, izigaba zokudibanisa kunye nokukhupha zisebenzisa iileya ze-XLP ezikhuselayo. Izakhiwo zanamhlanje zihlala zisebenzisa imigca yokukhupha i-tandem, zisebenzisa zombini i-insulation yangaphakathi kunye nejakethi yangaphandle ngaxeshanye ngesantya esiphezulu ukusuka kwi-300 ukuya kwi-500 yeemitha ngomzuzu.
Inyathelo elibaluleke kakhulu kukudibanisa, eguqula i-polymer ye-thermoplastic ibe yinto eqinileyo ye-thermoset. Ukuveliswa okuphezulu kuxhomekeke kwi-electron beam (e-beam) irradiation, apho intambo idlula kwi-accelerator ehlasela i-polymer ngedosi yemitha echanekileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi kwe-10 kunye ne-15 Mrad. Oku kudala inethiwekhi ye-molecular exineneyo, enemilinganiselo emithathu ephucula kakhulu uzinzo lobushushu kunye nolwe-mechanical.
Iikhrayitheriya zokuthelekisa iindlela zokuvelisa
Xa kuvavanywa iindlela zokuvelisa, ukukhethwa kwetekhnoloji yokudibanisa izinto ezahlukeneyo yeyona nto iphambili ekwahlukeni kwimarike. Nangona i-e-beam irradiation imele umgangatho ophezulu wokusetyenziswa kwesikali sezixhobo, ukudibanisa izinto ezahlukeneyo ngeekhemikhali (njengendlela ye-silane) kukwasetyenziswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zemarike.
| Uphawu | Ukudibanisa i-Electron Beam (E-Beam) | Ukudibanisa iSilane (yeKhemikhali) |
|---|---|---|
| Indlela yokusebenza | Ukuqhushumba kwee-electron ezinamandla aphezulu | Ukufuma kunye nokupholisa ubushushu |
| Ukumelana nobushushu | Ingaqhelekanga (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-120°C rhoqo) | Phakathi ukuya phezulu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-90°C rhoqo) |
| Isantya seMveliso | Ikhawuleza kakhulu (izikhawulezisi ezikwi-intanethi okanye ezingaxhunyiwe kwi-intanethi) | Icotha (ifuna ixesha lokuphola emanzini/kwisauna) |
| Impembelelo kwiNdalo | Inkqubo ecocekileyo, akukho ntsalela yeekhemikhali | Ivelisa ezinye iimveliso zeekhemikhali |
| Isicelo esifanelekileyo | Iindawo eziluncedo nezinzima | Iiprojekthi zokuhlala, ezixabisa kakhulu |
Ukukhetha indlela efanelekileyo kuxhomekeke kubukhulu beprojekthi, imida yebhajethi, kunye nobunzima bendawo yokufakela elindelekileyo.
Indlela yokuvavanya ukuveliswa kweentambo ze-photovoltaic DC
Ukufumana iintambo ezithembekileyo kufuna uhlolo olucokisekileyo lwemeko yemveliso yomthengisi. Abathengi kunye nabaphuhlisi beprojekthi kufuneka bahlole indlela umenzi ayisebenzisa ngayo iindlela zokuqinisekisa umgangatho kwaye ilawula uthungelwano lokubonelela ukusuka kwizixhobo eziluhlaza ukuya kwi-spool egqityiweyo, inciphisa iingozi zemali zomlilo kunye neempazamo zomhlaba.
Ulawulo lweenkqubo, uvavanyo olusemgceni, kunye nokulandelelwa
Izakhiwo zokwenza izinto ze-elite zidibanisa ulawulo lwenkqubo oluqhubekayo ukuze kususwe iziphene ngaphambi kokuba intambo igutyungelwe. Ii-micrometer ze-laser ezikwi-line zijonga ububanzi bentambo ngexesha langempela, ziqinisekisa ukuba ubukhulu be-insulation buhlala buhambelana kwaye ubunzulu buhlala bungaphezulu komda oqinileyo we-85% omiselwe ziinkqubo ezisemgangathweni ezifana ne-EN 50618 kunye I-Iec 62930Ukuwa ngaphantsi kwesi sithintelo kunokubangela ukungaphumeleli okukhulu kokutywina xa kuthelekiswa iintambo ezinezihlanganisi ze-MC4. Nakuphi na ukuphambuka kubangela uhlengahlengiso oluzenzekelayo lwemigca.
Ukongeza, uvavanyo lwentlantsi ye-high-voltage Kwenziwa ngqo kumgca wokukhupha. Intambo ivavanywa nge-AC spark phakathi kwe-6kV kunye ne-10kV ukuze kufunyanwe ngoko nangoko nayiphi na imingxunya emincinci okanye amabala angenanto kwi-insulation. Iinkqubo zokulandelela ezipheleleyo nazo zibalulekile; i-spool nganye kufuneka ibe ne-barcode eyahlukileyo eyidibanisa nebhetshi ethile yemveliso, umthombo wobhedu, kunye nomsebenzisi wokukhupha, ukuqinisekisa uxanduva olupheleleyo.
Izinto ezibangela izigqibo kubavelisi kunye nabathengi
Xa ukhetha iqabane lokuvelisa, abathengi kufuneka balinganise izinto ezininzi zothutho kunye nezorhwebo kunye nezakhono zobugcisa. Ukuthobela imigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe, ebonakaliswa ziziqinisekiso ezifana ne-TÜV okanye i-UL 4703, akunakuxoxiswana ngazo kwiinkqubo ezibotshelelwe kwigridi. Ubuchule bokuhambisa izinto zexabiso lemveliso yenye into ebalulekileyo enxulumene nokufumaneka kwezinto eziluhlaza; abavelisi abaphezulu badla ngokugcina amaxesha okukhokela eeveki ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-4, nangona oku kunokolula ngexesha lemfuno ephezulu yehlabathi okanye ukuguquguquka kwamaxabiso ekopolo.
Abathengi kufuneka baqwalasele ubuNini beMinimum Order Quantities (MOQs), eziqala malunga neemitha ezingama-5,000 kwiindawo ezinqamlezileyo ze-4mm² okanye i-6mm², kodwa zinokunyuka kakhulu kwimibala yejakethi eyenziwe ngokwezifiso okanye kwiingxube zepolymer ezikhethekileyo. Ekugqibeleni, ukutyala imali kwiintambo eziveliswe phantsi kolawulo oluqinileyo lomgangatho kuvelisa ixabiso eliphantsi lobunini ngokuthintela ukusilela okukhulu kwenkqubo ngexesha lobomi bempahla.
Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe
- Izigqibo ezibaluleke kakhulu kunye nesizathu sokwenziwa kweendlela zokwenziwa kweentambo ze-photovoltaic DC
- Iinkcukacha, ukuthobela imithetho, kunye nokuhlolwa komngcipheko okufuneka kuqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokuba uzibophelele
- Amanyathelo alandelayo asebenzayo kunye nezilumkiso abafundi abanokuzisebenzisa ngoko nangoko
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
Kutheni i-e-beam cross-linking ikhethwa kakhulu kwiintambo ze-photovoltaic DC?
Idala isakhiwo se-XLP esomeleleyo, ixhasa ubushushu obuqhubekayo obufikelela kwi-120°C, imveliso ekhawulezayo, kunye nokuqina okungcono kwexesha elide kwiindawo ezisetyenziswayo okanye ezingqwabalala.
Zeziphi izinto zomqhubi ezilungele ukwenziwa kweentambo ze-photovoltaic DC?
Ubhedu olufakwe kwikotoni olunemicu emincinci ludla ngokukhethwa kuba luphucula ukuguquguquka, lumelana nokugqwala, kwaye luxhasa ukufakwa okuthembekileyo kwiinkqubo zelanga eziphahleni, entlango, nakwiinkqubo zelanga ezidadayo.
Ngowuphi ubungakanani bentambo obusetyenziswa rhoqo kwiintambo ze-DC zelanga?
Ubukhulu obuqhelekileyo buphakathi kwe-4mm² ukuya kwi-10mm². Ukhetho olufanelekileyo luxhomekeke kumbane wentambo, imida yokuwa kwevolthi, kunye nobude bokufakelwa.
Abathengi bangayivavanya njani umenzi weentambo ze-photovoltaic DC?
Jonga umgangatho we-conductor, ukuhambelana kwe-XLPO insulation, indlela yokudibanisa, ulawulo lwemigca yemveliso, kunye nokuthobela iimfuno zokusebenza kokusingqongileyo ze-1500V kunye nexesha elide.
I-silane cross-linking ifanelekile nini kwiintambo ze-photovoltaic DC?
Idla ngokufaneleka kwiiprojekthi zokuhlala okanye ezixabisa kancinci apho iimeko zingabi nzima kakhulu kwaye umlinganiselo wobushushu obuqhubekayo obungama-90°C uyamkeleka.