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I-Copper ibisoloko iyindlela eqhelekileyo yokunxibelelana ngentambo kurhwebo nakwimizi-mveliso, kodwa amaqela okuthenga acinga ngokutsha ngaloo ndlela njengoko uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lwezinto eziphathekayo luqina kwaye amaxabiso eemveliso etshintsha. Kwiinkampani ze-EPC, iinkonzo zikawonke-wonke, kunye nabanini bezakhiwo ezinkulu, intambo ye-aluminium inika umxube onomtsalane wexabiso eliphantsi kunye nobunzima obuphantsi, kudla ngokwenza kube lula ukubiza, ukuthumela, kunye nokufaka iipakeji zombane ezinomthamo omkhulu. Sekunjalo isigqibo asilula njengokutshintshiselana ngesinyithi esinye ngesinye. I-aluminium ifuna ingqalelo enzulu kuhlobo lwe-alloy, ubungakanani be-ampacity, indawo ye-conduit, ukuphela, kunye neendleko ezifakiweyo. Eli nqaku lihlola apho intambo ye-aluminium idala khona ixabiso lokwenyani le-B2B—kwaye apho iingozi ezifihlakeleyo zinokutshabalalisa khona ukonga okulindelekileyo.
Kutheni Abathengi be-B2B bekhetha ikhebula le-aluminium
Kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, kubekho utshintsho olukhulu kwindlela amaqela okuthenga ajongana ngayo neziseko zophuhliso zombane. Nangona ithusi ibisoloko ilawula iziseko zophuhliso zombane. imakethi yentambo yorhwebo neyemizi-mveliso, Abathengi be-B2B baya betshintshela ngakumbi kwezinye iindlela ze-aluminium. Olu tshintsho aluyonto nje edlulayo; licebo elicwangcisiweyo lokulinganisela uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali oluqinileyo lweziseko zophuhliso kunye namaxesha eeprojekthi anzima. Olu tshintsho lubonakala kakhulu kwiinkampani zobuNjineli, ukuThenga, kunye noKwakha (EPC) kunye nabaphuhlisi beenkonzo zombane abalawula iindleko ezinkulu zezinto zokwakha.
Iziseko zeCable zeAluminiyam
Eyona nto iphambili kuyo, i-aluminium yombane yanamhlanje yahlukile kwizinto ezazibangela iingozi zomlilo ezidumileyo ngeminyaka yoo-1960 noo-1970. Namhlanje, ucingo lwezakhiwo zorhwebo luxhomekeke kakhulu kwi-aluminium alloy ye-8000 series (AA-8000), ephucukileyo kakhulu amandla okutsalwa, ukuguquguquka, kunye nokuzinza kobushushu. (Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba amagama aqhelekileyo afana ne-XHHW-2 kunye ne-THHN/THWN-2 zii-insulation kunye nokulinganiswa kobushushu okusebenzayo kuzo zombini ii-copper kunye ne-aluminium conductors, kungekhona iintlobo ze-aluminium-specific wire.) Ngenxa yokuba ezinye ii-aluminium alloys zisebenza ngezicelo ezahlukeneyo ezikhethekileyo, abathengi kufuneka balumke ukuba bangazigqithisi iinkcukacha zezinto ezibonakalayo. Kwi-conductor ephezulu, elingana ne-ampacity, i- Intambo ye-aluminiyam ye-AA-8000 inobunzima obungaphantsi ngama-30% ukuya kuma-50% kunobo bentsimbi, kuxhomekeke kwigeyiji echanekileyo kunye neenkcukacha zobushushu. Oku kunciphisa ubunzima kakhulu kwenza okungaphezulu kokunciphisa iindleko zokuthutha kunye nokuhambisa; kwenza ukuphathwa ngokomzimba, ukutsala i-conduit, kunye nokubeka izinto ngexesha lokufakelwa kube lula kwaye kukhuseleke kakhulu kubakhi.
Ixabiso, Ukuguquguquka kweCopper, kunye neSikali seProjekthi
Nangona kunjalo, eyona nto iphambili kule nguqu yemarike, luqoqosho. Amaxabiso ethusi ayaziwa ngokuguquguquka, ehlala enyuka kutshintshiselwano lweempahla zehlabathi ngenxa yeemfuno zokwenziwa kwe-EV. Nangona amaxabiso e-aluminium nawo etshintshatshintsha, isinyithi sibonelela ngexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu, elihlala likhokelela ekongeni iindleko zezinto eziphathekayo ukusuka kuma-40% ukuya kuma-50% ii-odolo ezinkulu zekhebulaNangona kunjalo, abathengi kufuneka baqaphele ukuba la manani amalunga nomlinganiselo oqikelelweyo oxhomekeke kakhulu kwiindlela zokusasazwa kwezinto zexesha langempela, igeyiji echanekileyo, kunye neenkcukacha zokufakelwa kwe-insulation.
Ngaphezu koko, iindleko ezifakiweyo zinokwahluka; iimfuno ze-conduit enkulu, izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zokuphelisa, kunye nomsebenzi owongezelelweyo zinokunciphisa ezinye zezi zinto zokonga izinto zokuqala. I-aluminium ngokubanzi ayisebenzi okanye ayisebenzi kwiisekethe zesebe ezincinci (umz., i-12 AWG nangaphantsi), kwaye ukonga izinto kunciphisa kwiiodolo ezincinci, nto leyo ethintela inkuthazo yemali yokutshintshela kwiiprojekthi zorhwebo ezincinci. Nangona kunjalo, kwizibonelelo zesikali se-megawatt, ezi zonga zisaqhubeka ngokukhawuleza zibe zizigidi zeerandi. Ucingo lokwakha i-aluminium eqhelekileyo lufumaneka rhoqo ngabasasazi ngaphandle kwezibopho ezinkulu zomthamo ngqo kumzi-mveliso, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifikeleleke kwaye ibe nexabiso elifanelekileyo kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zobungakanani beprojekthi.
Iingenelo, iiNgozi kunye neengozi zeAluminium Cable
Nangona kukho izibonelelo zemali ezicacileyo, ukutshintsha izinto akuyondlela ilula yokutshintsha umntu ngamnye. Amaqela okuthenga kunye nobunjineli kufuneka ahlolisise ngononophelo urhwebo, imiqathango ebonakalayo, kunye neengozi zokufakelwa ngaphambi kokuba azibophelele kwi-aluminium kwiprojekthi enkulu yorhwebo.
Endaweni yokujonga i-aluminium njengento ethatha indawo yayo yonke indawo, abathengi kufuneka bahlole impembelelo ebanzi yeempawu zezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo. Iingenelo eziphambili—iindleko eziphantsi kakhulu zesiseko kunye nobunzima obuphantsi—kufuneka zilinganiswe neenyani ezibonakalayo zee-conduits ezinkulu, iimfuno ezikhulayo zendawo kumagumbi ombane, kunye neenkqubo ezingqongqo zokufakela ezifunekayo ukuthintela ukungaphumeleli kokuphela. Ngenxa yokuba i-aluminium ngokubanzi ayisebenzi kwiisekethe zesebe ezincinci, iiprojekthi zihlala zifuna indlela exutyiweyo, esebenzisa i-aluminium yezinto zokondla ezinzima kunye nobhedu kumasebe amancinci.
Izinto Zokusebenza Ekufanele Zithelekiswe
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo yobunjineli ekufuneka ivavanywe kukukwazi umbane. I-Aluminiyam ine-61% kuphela yokukwazi umbane okunamandla kobhedu. Ukuze umbane ofanayo ngokukhuselekileyo uthwale ngokukhuselekileyo, intambo ye-aluminiyam kufuneka inyuswe ngobukhulu obunye okanye obubini be-American Wire Gauge (AWG). Le nyani ebonakalayo ithetha ukuba kufuneka ii-conduits ezinkulu, i-radii egobileyo, kunye nesithuba esingaphezulu somzimba kumagumbi ombane. Apha ngezantsi kukho uthelekiso olusisiseko olusetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ezi zinto ngexesha lesigaba sokuqala soyilo:
| Uphawu | I-aluminium Alloy ye-8000 Series | Ubhedu oluqhelekileyo |
|---|---|---|
| Ukuqhuba kweVolumetric okuHlanganisiweyo | 61% | 100% |
| Ubunzima (Ubungakanani obulinganayo) | ~30-50% ekhaphukhaphu | Isiseko |
| Iindleko zeZinto eziThe ngqo | ~40-50% isezantsi | Phezulu / Ukuguquguquka kakhulu |
| I-Wire Gauge efunekayo | Ubukhulu obu-1-2 obukhulu | Umgangatho |
Xa kucaciswa ezi zinto zezakhiwo ezinkulu zorhwebo okanye zoshishino, ukuvavanya ezi miqathango yobukhulu obubonakalayo ngokuchasene neemeko zendawo kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwexesha elide kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemithetho.
Iingozi zokuthobela imithetho kunye nokufakelwa
Iingozi ezifihlakeleyo ze-aluminium zivela kakhulu kwiindlela ezimbi zokufakela endaweni yeziphene ezikhoyo kwizinto ngokwazo. I-aluminium inomlinganiselo ophezulu kakhulu wokwanda kobushushu kune-copper, oko kuthetha ukuba iyakhula kwaye iyancipha kakhulu phantsi kwemithwalo enzima yobushushu. Ikwachaphazeleka yinto eyaziwa ngokuba yi-"cold flow" okanye i-creep, apho isinyithi sitshintsha kancinci phantsi koxinzelelo oluqhubekayo loomatshini kwiindawo zokuphela. Ngaphezu koko, ukudibanisa i-aluminium ngokuthe ngqo ne-copper kwandisa kakhulu umngcipheko we-galvanic corrosion ukuba iindlela ezilungileyo ze-National Electrical Code (NEC) azinakwa.
Ukuze kuncitshiswe le mingcipheko, abafaki kufuneka basebenzise ii-aluminium conductors ze-wire-brush ngaphambi kokuba zicinywe, basebenzise ii-oxide-inhibiting compounds, basebenzise ii-dual-rated (AL/CU) lugs ezifanelekileyo, kwaye balandele ulandelelwano oluchanekileyo lwe-torque. Amaqela kufuneka aqwalasele nokugcinwa komjikelo wobomi. Ngelixa isikhokelo sembali sicebisa ukuba ukupheliswa kwe-aluminium kufuna ukuphinda kutshintshwe rhoqo emva kweminyaka efakiweyo, i-alloy yanamhlanje ye-AA-8000 efakwe kunye nezihlanganisi ze-AL/CU ezitshintshwe ngokufanelekileyo zenza oku kube yinto ephelelwe lixesha. Endaweni yoko, into ebalulekileyo kukufakelwa kokuqala ngokuchanekileyo ngokweenkcukacha ze-torque zomenzi, kulandele ukuqinisekiswa emva kokufakwa kunye nokuhlolwa okucwangcisiweyo. Okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuhambelana kwe-aluminium kudlulela ngaphaya kwee-lugs kuphela; iiphaneli, ii-breakers, kunye neebha zebhasi nazo kufuneka zilinganiswe ngokucacileyo kwi-aluminium, ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kweekhowudi ezifana ne-NEC Article 110.14. Ukusilela okuninzi kwentsimi kudla ngokubangelwa kukungafakwa kwala manyathelo abalulekileyo okufakela.
Indlela yokufumana intambo ye-aluminiyam ngokukhuselekileyo
Ngenxa yokuba umda wempazamo ngexesha lokufakwa kunye nokupheliswa umncinci, ukufumana intambo ye-aluminiyam ekumgangatho ophezulu kwaye ukuphonononga ababoneleli ngokupheleleyo kuyimfuneko engenakuphikiswana ngayo kumaqela okuthenga. Abathengi abanakukwazi ukuyekelela umgangatho xa ukuthembeka kwegridi kusemngciphekweni.
Ukuqinisekiswa kunye neMigangatho yabaThengi
Xa kuphicothwa amaqabane anokuba ngabavelisi, abathengi kufuneka bajonge ukuthotyelwa okungqongqo nokubhaliweyo kwimigangatho yokhuseleko lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye neyokuvelisa.
Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe
- Sebenzisa i-aluminium alloy ye-AA-8000 kwizicelo zanamhlanje zentambo yesakhiwo sorhwebo endaweni yokucinga ukuba zonke ii-conductor ze-aluminium zineempawu ezifanayo zokusebenza.
- Thelekisa iindleko ezifakiweyo kuba ukonga izinto ezingama-40% ukuya kuma-50% kunokunciphisa nge-conduit enkulu, iziphelo ezikhethekileyo, izixhobo, kunye nomsebenzi owongezelelweyo.
- Isicwangciso see-conductors ezinkulu kuba intambo ye-aluminiyam elingana ne-ampacity inkulu kune-copper nangona inobunzima obungaphantsi ngama-30% ukuya kuma-50%.
- Beka phambili intambo ye-aluminiyam kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu zorhwebo, zoshishino, ze-EPC, kunye nezoncedo apho ukuthenga ngobuninzi kunokuguqula ukonga kweempahla kube kukunciphisa okukhulu kwebhajethi.
- Kuphephe ukusebenzisa i-aluminium njengento elula yokutshintsha ubhedu, kwaye uqinisekise ukuba i-connector iyahambelana, iimfuno ze-torque, kunye neenkqubo zokufakela ngaphambi kokuba uthenge.
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
Kutheni abathengi be-B2B bekhetha intambo ye-aluminiyam kuneyobhedu?
Uninzi lwabathengi lutshintshela kulawulo lweendleko. Intambo ye-aluminiyam inokunciphisa iindleko zezinto ezithe ngqo malunga ne-40% ukuya kwi-50% kwiiodolo ezinkulu, ngelixa ubunzima bayo obuphantsi bunokunciphisa iindleko zokuthutha kwaye kwenze kube lula ukuphatha ukufakwa.
Ngaba intambo ye-aluminiyam yanamhlanje iyafana nentambo ye-aluminiyam esetyenziswa kumakhaya amadala?
Hayi. Ucingo lwesakhiwo se-aluminium yorhwebo lwanamhlanje ludla ngokusebenzisa i-AA-8000 series alloy, ephucule amandla, ukuguquguquka, kunye nokuzinza kobushushu xa kuthelekiswa nocingo lwe-aluminium endala olunxulumene nemiba yokhuseleko lwezindlu zangaphambili.
Yeyiphi ingozi efihlakeleyo xa utshintshela kwintambo ye-aluminiyam?
Eyona ngozi inkulu kukuphatha i-aluminium njengotshintsho lobhedu ngqo. I-aluminium idla ngokufuna ubungakanani obukhulu bomqhubi, ii-lugs ezihambelanayo, i-torque echanekileyo, iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokulwa ne-oxidation, kunye novavanyo lobunjineli olucokisekileyo ukuze kuthintelwe ukugqithisa okanye ukungaphumeleli kokuphelisa.
Ngaba intambo ye-aluminiyam ihlala inciphisa iindleko zeprojekthi iyonke?
Akunjalo rhoqo. Ukonga izinto eziphathekayo kunokulinganiswa yi-conduit enkulu, izihlanganisi ezahlukeneyo, iziphelo ezikhethekileyo, okanye abasebenzi abongezelelweyo. Abathengi kufuneka bathelekise iindleko ezifakiweyo zizonke, kungekuphela nje ixabiso lokuthenga ikhebula.
Kuphi apho intambo ye-aluminiyam ingabizi kakhulu?
Intambo ye-aluminiyam idla ngokuba yeyona inomtsalane kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu zorhwebo, zoshishino, zezixhobo, kunye neze-EPC apho ukusebenza ixesha elide kunye nobuninzi bezinto ezibonakalayo kwenza ukonga kube luncedo.