Ukubaluleka Kwesitifiketi Se-TUV Sezixhumi Zelanga Ezimakethe Zomhlaba Wonke

Kumaphrojekthi elanga omhlaba wonke, ikhwalithi yesixhumi akuyona into encane: ithinta ngqo ukuphepha, isikhathi sokusebenza kwesistimu, ukwamukelwa komshwalense, kanye nokufinyelela emakethe. Izixhumi Zelanga nikeza abakhiqizi, ama-EPC, kanye nabathengi ubufakazi obuzimele bokuthi lezi zingxenye ziyahlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqashelwayo zokusebenza kukagesi, ukuqina, kanye nokumelana nemvelo ngaphansi kwezimo ze-PV ezidinga amandla. Lesi sihloko sichaza ukuthi kungani isitifiketi se-TUV sibalulekile ezimakethe zomhlaba wonke, yiziphi izingozi ezingalethwa yizixhumi ezingaqinisekisiwe, nokuthi isitifiketi sisekela kanjani ukuthobela imithetho, ukuzethemba kwabatshalizimali, kanye nokuthembeka kwesikhathi eside kuzo zonke izikhungo zikagesi, zezentengiselwano, kanye nezindawo zokuhlala.

Kungani Izixhumi Zelanga Eziqinisekiswe yi-TUV Zibalulekile

Njengoba ukufakwa kwe-solar photovoltaic (PV) emhlabeni wonke kukhula ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nemigomo yamandla avuselelekayo anamandla amakhulu, ubuqotho besakhiwo kanye nogesi bengxenye ngayinye yesistimu buba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Izixhumi zelanga zisebenza njengemithambo ebalulekileyokudlulisa ugesi, okuhlanganisa amaphaneli ngamanye, abahlanganisi bezintambo, kanye nama-inverter aphakathi. Ezisebenza ngokuqhubekayo ezindaweni ezingaphandle ezinzima—kusukela ogwadule olomile kuya ezindaweni ezisogwini olunomswakama—lezi zingxenye zibhekene nokucindezeleka okukhulu kokushisa kanye nogesi. Izinhlelo ze-PV zesimanje ezisezingeni lokusetshenziswa zivame ukusebenza ngama-voltage aphezulu afinyelela ku- 1500V DC, okwenza noma yikuphi ukwehluleka kwengxenye kube yingozi enkulu yokuphepha kanye nomlilo kunokuba kube ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza nje.

Ukuze kuncishiswe lezi zingozi, imboni yelanga yomhlaba wonke ithembele ezinhlanganweni zokuhlola nezitifiketi ezizimele ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwezingxenye. Isitifiketi se-Technischer Überwachungsverein (TUV) simi njengendinganiso yegolide yomhlaba wonke evelele yezingxenye ze-PV. Ukuqinisekisa okwangempela Izixhumi zelanga eziqinisekiswe yi-TUV kuqinisekisa ukuthi ihadiwe yokuxhumana idlulile ezimisweni zokuhlola eziqinile nezijwayelekile. Lokhu kunikeza abathuthukisi bephrojekthi, abaxhasi bezezimali, kanye nabakhi be-EPC (Ubunjiniyela, Ukuthengwa, kanye Nokwakhiwa) ubufakazi obungaqinisekiswa, obuvela eceleni bokuqina kwehadiwe, ukuphepha kwayo, kanye nokusebenza kwayo isikhathi eside.

Izinzuzo zokuphepha, ukuthembeka, kanye nokuthobela imithetho

Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zokusebenzisa ihadiwe yokuxhumana eqinisekisiwe kugxile ekuvimbeleni umlilo, ukuzinza kukagesi, kanye nokuthobela imithetho eqinile. Ikhwalithi ephezulu, izixhumi eziqinisekisiwe zenzelwe ukugcina ukumelana kokuxhumana okuphansi kakhulu okungaphansi kwama-milliohms angu-0.5 kuyo yonke inkathi yokuphila kwephrojekthi yelanga ejwayelekile yeminyaka engama-25. Lokhu kumelana okuphansi kakhulu kubalulekile ngoba ukumelana kokuxhumana okuphezulu kudala ukushisa okweqile ngaphansi kwemithwalo yamandla aphezulu—imbangela ehamba phambili yamaphutha amabi e-DC arc kanye nemililo yelanga elandelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaqhubi begridi, omasipala, kanye nababhali bomshuwalense bayanda ukuphoqelela ukuthobela imithetho eqinile ye-TUV njengemfuneko engaxoxiswana ngayo yokuvunyelwa kwephrojekthi kanye nokumbozwa kwesibopho, okwenza izingxenye ezingaqinisekisiwe zibe nesibopho esikhulu sezezimali.

Abathengi be-scope yesitifiketi kufanele baqinisekise

Amaqembu okuthenga kanye nonjiniyela bokuklama kumele babheke ngale kwelogo eyisisekelo ye-TUV futhi baqinisekise ngokucophelela ububanzi obuthile besitifiketi. Izixhumi kumele ziqinisekiswe ngezindinganiso eziqinile zemboni njenge-IEC 62852 noma i-EN 50521, ezinquma izidingo zokusebenza ezibalulekile zezicelo ze-DC ezisebenza kakhulu ezinhlelweni ze-PV. Abathengi kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi lesi sitifiketi sihlanganisa ukubekezelelana okubalulekile kwemvelo, okuhlanganisa ukumelana ne-UV yesikhathi eside, ukuvikelwa kokungena kwe-IP67 noma i-IP68 emanzini kanye nothuli olucolekile, kanye nokukhuthazela kokushisa kububanzi bokushisa obudingayo obungu--40°C kuya ku-+85°C. Ukuqinisekisa lezi zinhlaka kuqinisekisa ukuthi ihadiwe ihambisana nezidingo ezithile zemvelo zendawo yokufaka.

Izixhumi zelanga eziqinisekiswe yi-TUV vs ezingaqinisekisiwe

Imakethe yomhlaba wonke yezingxenye ze-PV igcwele ezinye izindlela ezingabizi kakhulu nezingaphansi kwezindinganiso ezifana kakhulu nesimo sezixhumi ezijwayelekile embonini kodwa ezingenazo ubunjiniyela obuyisisekelo, ukunemba, kanye nekhwalithi yezinto ezibonakalayo. Nakuba ukufaka izixhumi ezingaqinisekisiwe kungase kuveze ukonga okuncane kwezindleko ngesikhathi sokuthenga, imiphumela yezezimali kanye nokusebenza yesikhathi eside imbi kakhulu. Izindleko ezengeziwe Zokusebenza Nokugcina (O&M), isikhathi sokungasebenzi kwesistimu, kanye nokushintsha ihadiwe kulula ukudlula ukonga kokuqala. Ukuqonda umehluko wobuchwepheshe phakathi kwezinketho eziqinisekisiwe nezingenazo iziqinisekiso kubalulekile ekuphathweni kwezingozi okuphumelelayo kanye nokuvikelwa kwempahla.

Umehluko obalulekile ekuhlolweni nasekuqineni

Umehluko obaluleke kakhulu phakathi kwale mikhiqizo usebunzimeni nasekupheleleni kwezindlela zayo zokuhlola. Ukuvunyelwa kwe-TUV kudinga izingxenye ukuze zisinde ekuhlolweni kokuphila okusheshisiwe kakhulu (HALT) ukuze kulingiswe amashumi eminyaka okusetshenziswa kabi kwemvelo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kokushisa okumanzi kwamahora ayi-1000 ku-85°C kanye nomswakama ohlobene ongu-85%, ukuhlolwa kokugqwala kosawoti okuqinile kwezicelo zasogwini, kanye nokuhlolwa kokushaqeka kokushisa okungenani okungu-200-cycle kusuka ku--40°C kuya ku-+85°C. Ngokwemishini, izixhumi eziqinisekisiwe kumele zibhekane namandla okudonsa ikhebula okungenani angu-89 Newtons ngaphandle kokubonisa ukuwohloka kukagesi noma komshini. Ngokuphambene kakhulu, ezinye izindlela ezingaqinisekisiwe zivame ukusebenzisa amapulasitiki asetshenziswe kabusha aphansi kanye nama-alloy ethusi asezingeni eliphansi awohloka ngokushesha ngaphansi kokuvezwa kwe-UV njalo, ngokuvamile ehluleka ukuhlolwa kokugcinwa komshini noma ukulahlekelwa yizivalo zawo ezingangeni manzi zingakapheli izinyanga ezingu-24 kuya kwezingu-36 zokuqala zokusetshenziswa ensimini.

Izindlela zokuhlola zobuchwepheshe nezokulawula

Ukuhlola izingxenye ngendlela engathathi hlangothi kudinga ukuhlaziywa okuhlangene kwemingcele yobuchwepheshe kanye nokucaciswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Izingxenye eziqinisekisiwe ziqinisekisa izilinganiso zokusebenza eziyisisekelo ezihluleka njalo ukuhlangabezana nezingxenye ezingaqinisekisiwe, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwezimo zomthwalo omkhulu. Ithebula elingezansi lichaza izindlela zokuhlola ezijwayelekile ezihlukanisa ihadiwe evunyelwe, esebenza kahle kakhulu kwezinye izindlela ezingaphansi kwezindinganiso:

Indlela Yokuthola Nokuqinisekisa Izixhumi Zelanga Eziqinisekiswe yi-TUV

Ukuhlonza umhlinzeki othembekile wezingxenye ze-PV kudinga izinqubo eziqinile zokufaneleka kwabathengisi kanye nokuhlolisisa okuphelele. Ngenxa yokuthi izitifiketi mbumbulu, imibiko yokuhlola eshintshiwe, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwelogo okungagunyaziwe kuhlala kuyinselele eqhubekayo ochungechungeni lokuhlinzekwa kwamandla elanga lomhlaba wonke, abathengi kumele basebenzise izinyathelo zokuqinisekisa eziqinile ngaphambi kokukhipha ama-oda okuthenga. Indlela ehlelekile nebhalwe phansi kakhulu yokuthola izimpahla ivikela ubuqotho bephrojekthi iyonke, iqinisekisa ukuthobela imithetho, futhi iqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kokusebenza kwesikhathi eside impilo yonke yempahla yelanga.

Izinyathelo zokuqinisekisa ukulandelelwa kanye neziqinisekiso zefektri

Isinyathelo sokuqala sokuqinisekisa okuphelele ukusungula ukulandeleka okuphelele kochungechunge lokuphakelwa.

Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele

• Iziphetho ezibaluleke kakhulu kanye nesizathu sezixhumi zelanga eziqinisekiswe yi-TUV
• Imininingwane, ukuhambisana, kanye nokuhlolwa kwengozi okufanele kuqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokuthi uzibophezele
• Izinyathelo ezilandelayo ezisebenzayo kanye nezixwayiso abafundi abangazisebenzisa ngokushesha

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Isitifiketi se-TUV sifakazelani ngezixhumi zelanga?

Kubonisa ukuthi isixhumi siphumelele ukuhlolwa kokuphepha, ukuqina, kanye nokusebenza okuzimele kokusetshenziswa kwe-PV, okusiza ekunciphiseni izingozi zomlilo, iphutha le-arc, kanye nokuhluleka kwangaphambi kwesikhathi.

Yiziphi izindinganiso okufanele abathengi bazihlole ezixhumini zelanga eziqinisekiswe yi-TUV?

Qinisekisa ukuthi ububanzi besitifiketi buhlanganisa i-IEC 62852 noma i-EN 50521, kanye ne-voltage ekaliwe, ugesi wamanje, kanye nesicelo se-PV esihlosiwe.

Kungani izixhumi zelanga eziqinisekiswe yi-TUV zibalulekile ezimakethe zomhlaba wonke?

Ama-EPC amaningi, izinkampani zomshuwalense, izinsizakusebenza, kanye nabalawuli badinga isitifiketi esiqashelwayo esivela eceleni, ngakho-ke izixhumi eziqinisekiswe yi-TUV zenza kube lula ukuvunyelwa kwephrojekthi kanye nokuthengwa kwamanye amazwe.

Yiziphi izimo zesayithi okufanele isitifiketi sizihlanganise?

Hlola ukumelana ne-UV, ukuvalwa kwe-IP67 noma i-IP68, kanye nokuqina kwezinga lokushisa kusuka ku--40°C kuya ku-+85°C, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezisogwadule, ezisogwini, noma ezimanzi.

Izixhumi ezingaqinisekisiwe zikhulisa kanjani izindleko zephrojekthi yesikhathi eside?

Zingaba nokumelana okukhulu kokuthintana, ukwehluleka kokuvala uphawu, kanye nobuthakathaka bomshini, okuholela ekungasebenzini kwesikhathi, ukushintshwa, izindleko ze-O&M, kanye nezinkinga ezingaba khona zokuthobela imithetho.