Umuti wo guhuza ingufu za PNTech: Ifite uruhare runini mu iterambere ry'isoko, ikongera imbaraga mu buryo bushya bwo kubika no gusharija umuriro wa photovoltaic

Uko imishinga yo kubika ibikoresho bikoresha imirasire y'izuba yaguka kuva ku bisenge by'inzu kugera ku hantu ho gushyushya umuriro w'amashanyarazi, kwizerana kwa buri muyoboro wa DC kurimo kuba ikibazo cy'umutekano n'imikorere myiza. Kwagura Imirasire y'Izuba Insinga si inyongera gusa; ni ikiraro gitwara PV ifite ingufu nyinshi binyuze mu bushyuhe, imirasire ya UV, ubushuhe, n'imbaraga za mekanike. Iyi nkuru isobanura uburyo insinga na connector bya PNTech byateguwe mbere bishyigikira uburyo bwo kubika no gusharija photovoltaic, impamvu ibyemezo nka UL 4703, IEC 62852, na TÜV 2 PfG ari ingenzi, n'uburyo abashyiraho insinga bagomba gutekereza ku bunini bwa conductor, amanota ya voltage, imikoranire ya connector, n'itandukaniro rigaragara hagati y'insinga za PV zongeweho n'imigozi yo ku ruhande rwa bateri.

Ibisubizo by'insinga zo kongeramo imirasire y'izuba bya PNTech

Sisitemu zizewe zo kubika ingufu za photovoltaic (PV) zisaba ibikorwa remezo bikomeye byo kubika insinga. Imiterere y’iyi sisitemu yuzuye ikubiyemo ibintu bitandukanye: insinga zo hanze zikoresha imirasire y’izuba n’imigozi y’imbere mu ikoreshwa rya batiri. Ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa iri tandukaniro hakiri kare: Insinga yo kwagura Pvs ikoresha DC ifite voltage nyinshi iva kuri paneli kandi akenshi ikoresha connectors zijyanye na MC4, mu gihe bateri zikoresha ububiko bufite voltage nkeya kandi bufite ingaruka zitandukanye. Kugira ngo ihuze n'ibikenewe bitandukanye, PNTech itanga urutonde rwuzuye rw'ibikoresho byateguwe mbereinsinga zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba n'ibihuza ububiko bw'ingufu. Byakozwe hamwe n'amahitamo yihariye y'ikoti ku bidukikije bikomeye, ibisubizo bya PNTech byujuje ibyangombwa bikomeye—nk'ibya IEC 62852, na TÜV 2 PfG—bigenzura ko buri gikorwa cyose gikora neza kandi gikurikije amahame ngenderwaho y'inganda.

Uruhare mu buryo bwo kubika ingufu za photovoltaic

Mu buryo bugezweho bwo kubika ingufu za PV, guteranya insinga zo kwagura ikora nk'ikiraro cy'ingenzi hagati y'imirasire y'izuba n'ibikoresho bigenzura amashanyarazi. Kubera ko izi ntera zirimo imiyoboro isanzwe ifatanye na MC4, zagenewe kugabanya igihombo cyo kohereza, bigatuma ingufu za DC zigera kuri inverter. Insinga idakozwe neza ishobora gutera imbaraga zikomeye, bigatuma ubushyuhe bugabanuka kandi ubushobozi bugahagarara.

Ibyuma byiza bitanga uburyo bwo guhuza neza bufite ubushobozi buke bwo guhangana n’amashanyarazi ndetse n’ubushobozi bwo gushyiramo no gukuramo, bikarinda imbogamizi z’amashanyarazi mu gihe cy’imirasire y’izuba. Sisitemu za DC zifite ingufu nyinshi kandi zitera ibyago bikomeye byo kwangirika kw’amashanyarazi; bityo, gufunga neza no kurinda umuriro mwinshi ni ngombwa, cyane cyane mu bikoresho bya PV bihujwe no mu bubiko. Mu gukoresha ibyuma bicukura neza, ingufu zitangwa neza. Mu bikorwa by’ubucuruzi, ibi bikoresho bigomba kubahiriza ibisabwa bikomeye bya DC nko guhuza imigozi, ibintu bikomeye byo gukuraho imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi, no gucunga neza imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi.

Amagambo y'ingenzi yo gukoresha insinga mu kubika ingufu mu ngo

Gukoresha inzira imirasire y'izuba yo mu ngo no mu bubiko bisaba gusobanukirwa amagambo y'ingenzi yerekeye insinga, uhereye ku bunini bw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, ubusanzwe upimirwa mu gice cyambukiranya (mm²) cyangwa mu gipimo cy'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi wa Amerika (AWG). Imiterere isanzwe ya PV yo mu rugo ikunze gukoresha 4.0 mm² cyangwa 6.0 mm² bitewe n'umuvuduko ntarengwa w'amashanyarazi wa inverter. Ku ruhande rw'ububiko, ibitekerezo by'ingenzi birimo guhuza voltage ya bateri no gukurikiza amabwiriza nyayo ya torque ya ring-terminal kugira ngo hirindwe ahantu hashyuha cyane.

"Voltejimento nominal" ya sisitemu—akenshi 1000V DC cyangwa 1500V DC ku bikoresho bigezweho byo ku gisenge—igena igipimo cy'ubushyuhe gikenewe kugira ngo ihuzwe neza n'ibikorwa remezo bihari. Byongeye kandi, uburyo bwo gufunga insinga bugomba guhuza ibikoresho bihuza insinga. Gusobanukirwa imikoranire y'insinga ni ingenzi kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwo guhuza ikirere n'imbaraga za mekanike. Abashyiraho insinga bagomba kumenya neza ko insinga "zihuza na MC4" ziturutse mu nganda zitandukanye zidakorana n'abantu bose; kuvanga ibice nyabyo bya Stäubli MC4 na clones z'abandi bishobora kurenga ku mategeko y'amashanyarazi, guhagarika garanti, no guteza ibyago bikomeye by'inkongi.

Ibisobanuro by'insinga zo kwagura imirasire y'izuba bifite akamaro

Gusuzuma imiterere ya tekiniki y'ibikorwa remezo by'insinga ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo ibikorwa bigende neza mu gihe kirekire. Guhitamo ibipimo nyabyo bigira ingaruka ku musaruro w'ingufu, umutekano usanzwe, n'igihe cyose cyo gushyiraho ibikoresho byose. Kwirengagiza ibi bipimo bishobora gutuma ubushyuhe bw'ubushyuhe bugabanuka, kwiyongera k'ubudahangarwa, ndetse no kudakora neza kw'imikorere y'ibikoresho.

Ubushobozi n'ingano y'insinga bihari ubu

Ubushobozi bwo gutwara umuriro, cyangwa ampacity, ni igipimo cy'ibanze gikoreshwa mu kumenya ingano ikwiye y'insinga. Mu gihe cyo gupima sisitemu, kondakita agomba gucunga neza umuvuduko ntarengwa w'amashanyarazi y'izuba ukubye inshuro imwe n'igice cy'umutekano (ubusanzwe kuva kuri 1.25 kugeza kuri 1.56 bitewe n'amategeko y'amashanyarazi yo mu gace).

Hasi hari imbonerahamwe igereranya igaragaza ubushobozi busanzwe bwo gupima ingano insinga za polyolefin zifatanye (XLPO) hashingiwe ku bushyuhe bw'ikirere bwa dogere selisiyusi 60:

Icyitonderwa: Imibare y'ubugari bw'amazi itangwa ni urwego rw'ibanze rushingiye ku gipimo cy'ubushyuhe bw'umuyoboro w'amazi (urugero: 90°C) n'urwego rw'ibanze rw'umwuka wigenga, ntabwo ari ugukurikiza amategeko rusange. Gukoresha uburyo bwo gushyingura mu buryo butaziguye, imipaka yo kuzuza imiyoboro y'amazi, guhuza insinga, uburebure bwo hejuru, no kwihanganira ubushyuhe bw'ubutaka byose bisaba kongerwaho imbaraga zirenze urugero rw'umurongo w'ibanze wa 60°C ugaragara. Buri gihe reba amabwiriza y'amashanyarazi akoreshwa kugira ngo umenye neza ingano y'ubugari bw'amazi hashingiwe ku bipimo by'ubushyuhe bw'umuyoboro w'amazi n'uburyo bwo gushyiraho.

Mu gusuzuma ibi bipimo no gukoresha ibintu bikenewe byo kugabanya ingufu, insinga zatoranijwe zigabanya igabanuka ry’amashanyarazi mu gihe kirekire, bigatuma sisitemu ikora neza.

Umutekano, Kuramba, no Gushyiramo Ibintu mu Mirimo

Kunganya umutekano, kuramba kw'ibidukikije, no koroshya gushyiraho bisaba ubuhanga bw'ibikoresho. Ibikoresho bifatanye na electron-beam bitanga insinga zifite ubushyuhe budasanzwe, bigatuma zikora neza mu bushyuhe bukabije kuva kuri -40°C kugeza kuri +90°C, kandi zigakomeza kuzamuka mu gihe gito kugeza kuri 120°C.

Ariko, hari itandukaniro riri hagati yo kuramba cyane no koroherwa no gushyirwaho. Amakoti manini kandi afite intwaro zikomeye atanga ubudahangarwa bwiza bwa UV na ozone mu bidukikije byo hanze, ariko akeneye radii nini yo kugonda. Kugira ngo ibi bishoboke, abashyiraho bagomba kugira radius ntoya yo kugonda isanzwe ikubye inshuro 4 kugeza kuri 6 z'umurambararo w'insinga. Ku byuma bifunganye byo mu rugo, bikomeye. Ingufu zo kwirinda ikirere zifite agaciro ka IP68—bireba by’umwihariko ibyuma bihuza neza aho kuba ikoti ry’insinga gusa—bigomba kuringanizwa n’uburyo insinga zigenda neza kugira ngo hirindwe ko imigozi idashobora gukururwa cyane n’ingingo n’aho zihagarara.

Uburyo bwo guhitamo insinga nziza yo kwagura imirasire y'izuba ya PNTech

Guhitamo ibikorwa remezo byiza by’insinga bisaba uburyo buhamye bujyanye n’ibipimo by’umushinga runaka. Byaba ari ugushyira ibikoresho mu nyubako nini y’ubucuruzi cyangwa ahantu hanini ho gutura, inzira yo gutanga amasoko igomba kwemeza ko bihuye kandi bigatanga umusaruro. Ku bikoresho binini, hagaragazwa amabara ya PNTech cyangwa uburebure bwihariye igenzura ko ibisabwa mu bwubatsi n'umutekano byubahirizwa neza nta kwangiza ubuziranenge bw'amashanyarazi.

Intambwe zo Guhitamo mu buryo bufatika hakoreshejwe imiterere

Uburyo bwo guhitamo butangirana no kubara umuvuduko ntarengwa w’amashanyarazi utegerejwe no gupima intera iri hagati y’imirongo y’izuba n’icyuma gihindura imirasire y’izuba. Ibi bituma habarwa igabanuka ry’umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi ritegerejwe. Aho gukoresha itegeko risanzwe ryo "komeza munsi ya 2%", abashyiraho ibikoresho bagomba gukoresha formula isanzwe yo kugabanya umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi ya DC: Kugabanuka kwa Voltage (V) = (2 × Uburebure muri km × Umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi muri A × Ubudahangarwa bw'Insinga muri Ω/km)Urugero, kwiruka metero 50 (0.05 km) utwaye 20A kuri 6.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Shyiraho insinga zo kwagura PV n'imiyoboro ya bateri ukwayo kuko insinga zifite voltage nyinshi n'imiyoboro yo kubikamo umuriro mwinshi bifite ibisabwa bitandukanye byo guhuza, kurinda, n'umuyoboro w'ikosa.
• Koresha ibikoresho byemewe nka insinga za UL 4703 PV, connectors za IEC 62852, n'igishushanyo mbonera cy'insinga za TÜV 2 PfG kugira ngo ushyigikire imikorere yo hanze mu mutekano no gushyiraho ibikoresho bikurikiza amategeko.
• Hitamo ingano za conductor nka 4.0 mm² cyangwa 6.0 mm² nyuma yo gusuzuma umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi winjira muri inverter, uburebure bw'insinga, kugabanuka k'amashanyarazi, n'ibintu bigabanya ubushobozi bwo kuyishyiraho.
• Genzura uburyo connector ihura nabyo aho gutekereza ko ibicuruzwa byose bihuye na MC4 bishobora kuba bivanze, kuko ibirango bivanze bishobora guteza ibibazo ku bijyanye n'umutekano w'inkongi y'umuriro.
• Genzura ubukana bw'aho hose hahurira ukoresheje imiyoboro idakora cyane, uburyo bukwiye bwo gufunga, hamwe n'imbaraga zikwiye zo gufunga kugira ngo ugabanye ubushyuhe n'ibura ry'amashanyarazi.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Insinga yo kwagura imirasire y'izuba ikoreshwa iki?

Insinga y'izuba ikoresha ingufu za DC zifite voltage nyinshi iva kuri module za PV ijya kuri controller, inverters, cyangwa combiner boxes. Yongera insinga mu gihe ikomeza gucunga neza kandi idahura n'ikirere iyo ifite ingano ikwiye kandi yemewe.

Ni gute insinga ya PV itandukaniye n'umugozi wa bateri?

Insinga za PV zisanzwe zitwara DC ifite voltage nyinshi iva kuri paneli z'izuba kandi zikoresha connectors zijyanye na MC4. Imigozi ya bateri ifata ububiko bufite voltage nkeya n'ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi ikenera terminals zitandukanye, kugenzura torque, no kurinda umuriro w'amakosa.

Ni ibihe byangombwa by'ingenzi ku nsinga zongerera ingufu imirasire y'izuba?

Impamyabushobozi z'ingenzi zirimo TUV ku nsinga za PV, IEC 62852 ku miyoboro, na TÜV 2 PfG ku mikorere y'insinga za photovoltaic. Ibi bifasha kwemeza ubushyuhe, kuramba, n'umutekano mu miterere y'izuba ryo hanze.

Ni ingano ki y'insinga isanzwe ku mirasire y'izuba yo mu ngo?

Sisitemu nyinshi za PV zo mu ngo zikoresha ibyuma biyobora amashanyarazi bifite uburebure bwa mm² 4.0 cyangwa mm² 6.0, bitewe n'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi winjira, uburebure bw'insinga, imipaka y'amashanyarazi agabanuka, uburyo bwo gushyiraho, n'ibisabwa mu mategeko y'amashanyarazi yo mu gace.

Ese imiyoboro yose ihuza MC4 ishobora kuvangwa hamwe?

Oya. Guhuza na MC4 ntibisobanura buri gihe guhinduranya. Kuvanga imiyoboro nyayo ya MC4 n'imiyoboro y'abandi bishobora kurenga ku mabwiriza, bigatuma garanti ziteshwa agaciro, ndetse no kongera ibyago byo gutwika cyangwa gucika intege.