Kugenzura ko insinga za PV zihuye: Uburyo bwo guhuza insinga za PV n'ingufu zitandukanye z'imirasire y'izuba

Intangiriro

Guhitamo Insinga yo kwagura Pvs ni ibirenze uburebure cyangwa imiterere y'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi. Kugira ngo ubihuze neza n'ingufu z'izuba zitandukanye, ugomba kugenzura ingano y'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, amashanyarazi n'ubushyuhe bw'amashanyarazi, uburinganire bw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, ubwoko bw'ubushyuhe, n'ubudahangarwa bw'ibidukikije kugira ngo sisitemu ibashe gutwara ingufu mu mutekano no mu buryo bunoze. Iyi ngingo isobanura ibipimo by'ingenzi bigena niba insinga izakorana n'agace runaka, aho hakunze kubaho kudahuza, n'uburyo ayo makosa agira ingaruka ku musaruro w'ingufu, ubwizerwe, n'ingaruka z'inkongi y'umuriro. Mu mpera, uzaba ufite uburyo bwo guhitamo insinga zo kwagura zijyanye n'ibikenewe by'amashanyarazi ndetse n'imiterere y'ingufu z'izuba.

Impamvu guhuza insinga za PV n'izindi ari ingenzi

Byaba ari ugushyiramo sisitemu yo ku gisenge cy'amazu ya 5kW cyangwa ubuhinzi bw'izuba bwa 50MW, bigamije kwemeza ko insinga zo kwagura za PV zihuye ni ingenzi ku mikorere ya sisitemu ndetse no ku mutekano w’aho ikorera. Ingufu z’izuba zitanga amashanyarazi akoresha ingufu zidasanzwe (DC), agomba kugenda neza kuva kuri module array kugera kuri inverter cyangwa charge controller. Kubera ko sisitemu za DC zishobora kwangirika cyane mu ntera ndende zo kohereza ubutumwa, imiterere y’imikorere n’amashanyarazi y’ibikorwa remezo by’insinga ntishobora gufatwa nk’igitekerezo cya nyuma. Guhuza neza birinda inzitizi zikomeye mu gutanga ingufu kandi bigabanya ibyago bikomeye by’inkongi z’umuriro ziterwa na DC ifite voltage nyinshi.

Ibisobanuro by'ingenzi byo gusobanura hakiri kare

Gusobanukirwa amagambo y’inganda ni intambwe ya mbere yo kugera ku guhuza sisitemu neza. Agace k’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi, gasanzwe gapimirwa muri American Wire Gauge (AWG) cyangwa milimetero kare (mm²), ni ko gategeka neza ingano ntarengwa y’amashanyarazi insinga zishobora gutwara mu mutekano. Insinga zisanzwe zo mu ngo n’iz’ubucuruzi zikoresha cyane cyane insinga za 4mm² (12 AWG) cyangwa 6mm² (10 AWG), zubatswe hakoreshejwe umuringa washyizwe mu bubiko kugira ngo kurwanya ogisijeniByongeye kandi, inganda zikora imirasire y'izuba zishingiye cyane ku uburyo busanzwe bwo gukoranaho. Ibikoresho bihuza ibintu bisanzwe byo mu bwoko bwa MC4 bifite imiterere yihariye y’ingabo n’abagore ihuza bigomba guhuza neza kugira ngo bigumane umwuka ufunganye kandi udakoresha amazi ku bidukikije.

Ingaruka zikunze guterwa n'insinga zidahuye

Gushyiramo ibice bidahuye cyangwa bidafite ubuziranenge bitera ibyago bikomeye byo gukora no gutwika. Iyo insinga idahagije ku muvuduko muke w’amashanyarazi y’izuba (Isc), ubukana bw’amashanyarazi butera ubushyuhe bwinshi busanzwe. Ubushyuhe ku hantu habi ho guhuza bushobora kurenza vuba urugero rw’ubushyuhe buri hagati ya 90°C na 120°C ku gipimo cy’ubushyuhe bw’icyuma gikingira, byongera cyane ibyago byo gushonga, amakosa y’imigozi, cyangwa inkongi z’amashanyarazi zikomeye. Byongeye kandi, guhuza amashanyarazi kutujuje ubuziranenge kw’inganda zitandukanye bishobora gutera icyuho gito, bigatuma amazi yinjira. Ibi bitera ingese yihuta ndetse n’igabanuka ry’amashanyarazi rirenze urugero rwemewe rw’inganda kuva kuri 2% kugeza kuri 3%. Uku kudakora neza bivuze ko ingufu zigenda zigabanuka kandi zihoraho mu gihe cy’imyaka 25 y’ubuzima bw’imirasire y’izuba.

Ibipimo ngenderwaho bya tekiniki byo guhuza insinga za PV

Guhitamo insinga zikwiye bisaba isuzuma rikomeye, rishingiye ku makuru y’imiterere y’amashanyarazi ya sisitemu. Modules zigezweho zikoresha imirasire y’izuba zikunze gukora ku muvuduko wo hejuru kugira ngo zongere ubushobozi bwo kohereza, bikaba ngombwa ko insinga zihabwa amanota ya 1000V DC cyangwa 1500V Ibidukikije bya DC. Kunanirwa guhuza ibipimo by'insinga yo kwagura n'ibipimo byayoingufu ntarengwa za sisitemu n'umusaruro w'ingufu z'izuba ushobora kwangiza ibikorwa remezo byose no gukuraho garanti y'ibikoresho bihenze.

Uburyo bwo kugereranya Connectors, Ingano ya Konductor, n'Isuzuma

Ibintu by'ingenzi mu bya tekiniki mu guhitamo insinga ni ubwuzuzanye bw'umuyoboro, ibice by'umuyoboro, n'ibipimo byo kwihanganira ibidukikije. Abashyiraho insinga bagomba kugenzura ko insinga zongerewe zikoresha uburyo bumwe bwo guhuza n'ubworoherane nk'ubw'izuba—ubusanzwe Stäubli MC4 y'umwimerere cyangwa ubwoko bwemewe bujyanye—kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwo guhuza bufite umutekano, budashobora guhangana n'ikirere bwa IP67 cyangwa IP68. Ingano y'umuyoboro igomba kubarwa hashingiwe ku muvuduko ntarengwa w'amashanyarazi; urugero, insinga ya 10 AWG ishobora gufata neza ampeta zigera kuri 30 mu muyoboro usanzwe, mu gihe insinga ya 12 AWG muri rusange igarukira kuri ampeta 20 mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bumwe. Byongeye kandi, ikoti ryo hanze rigomba kuba rifite polyethylene irwanya UV (XLPE) cyangwa polyolefin ifitanye isano (XLPO) kugira ngo ihangane n'imirasire y'izuba isanzwe, ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe bukabije, no kwangirika kwa ozone idacitse.

Icyo Imbonerahamwe yo Kugereranya Insinga Igomba Kuba Irimo

Kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwo gutanga amasoko n'ubwubatsi, abayobozi b'imishinga bagomba gukoresha uburyo busanzwe bwo gusuzuma ibisubizo by'insinga bishobora guterwa n'imiterere y'aho hantu. Imbonerahamwe yuzuye yo kugereranya igomba gusobanura neza ingano y'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, ubushobozi ntarengwa bw'amashanyarazi, hamwe n'intera isabwa kugira ngo hirindwe gutakaza ingufu nyinshi mu masaha yo gukora cyane.

Bene ayo materi afasha kwemeza ko ibice byatoranijwe byubahiriza neza ibisabwa n'amashanyarazi mu miterere yihariye y'urusobe rw'izuba. Iyo igenamigambi rirenze metero 40, abashushanya sisitemu bagomba guhindura insinga ziremereye kugira ngo ingufu zose z'amashanyarazi zigume munsi y'ubushobozi ntarengwa bwa 3% buteganywa n'amategeko mpuzamahanga menshi y'amashanyarazi.

Uburyo bwo kwemeza ko isoko n'uko rihagaze mu gushyiraho

Uretse ibisobanuro by’ishingiro n’imbonerahamwe z’ingano, kubona ibikoresho byizewe bisaba uburyo buhamye bwo kugenzura mu gihe cyo kugura no gutanga ibikoresho. Gushaka ibice bikwiye bisaba kuringaniza iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko, uburyo bwo gutanga ibicuruzwa, n’ibisabwa mu gushyiraho ibikoresho kugira ngo habeho imikorere n’umutekano mu gihe kirekire ku mukoresha wa nyuma.

Intambwe ku yindi ni inzira yo kugenzura umuguzi

Uburyo bwo kugenzura busanzwe butangirira ku igenzura ryuzuye ibyemezo bya laboratwari by'urugandaAbaguzi b'ubucuruzi bagomba gusaba icyemezo cy'uko bujuje ibisabwa mu by'umutekano nka UL 4703 muri Amerika ya Ruguru cyangwa EN 50618 mu Burayi, ibyo bikaba bisaba ko hakorwa isuzuma rikomeye ku bicuruzwa. Insinga za PV Kuramba, kudafata umuriro, n'imbaraga za mekanike. Hanyuma, suzuma ibipimo by'uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa; abaguzi b'ibigo bagomba kubara umubare usanzwe w'ibicuruzwa (MOQs) kuva kuri metero 1.000 kugeza 5.000 ku burebure bw'insinga zihariye, hamwe n'igihe cyo gukora gishobora kumara ibyumweru 3 kugeza kuri 6 bitewe n'uko umuringa uboneka ku isi. Iyo ugeze, abatekinisiye bo mu kibuga bagomba gukora igenzura ry'amaso n'iry'imashini. Ibi birimo gukoresha multimeter y'ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo bapime uburyo ukomeza kuva ku mpera kugeza ku mpera no kugenzura ko uburyo bwo gufunga umuyoboro bukorana n'ijwi risobanutse. Guhuza neza bigomba kandi gutsinda ikizamini gisanzwe cyo gukurura, birwanya imbaraga nke zo gukurura za Newton 89 zitavuyemo.

Uburyo bwo gusuzuma amasezerano mbere yo guhitamo burundu

Abafata ibyemezo bakunze guhura n'ibibazo bikomeye hagati y'ikoreshwa ry'imari shingiro mbere y'igihe n'umusaruro w'ingufu mu gihe kirekire. Mu gihe insinga nini zipima na ibyuma bihuza ibikoresho by'ingirakamaro bishobora kongera gato ikiguzi cy’umushinga w’ibanze, bigabanya igabanuka ry’amashanyarazi kandi bikarinda ibikorwa byo kubungabunga bihenze mu gihe cy’imyaka 25 y’ubuzima bwa sisitemu.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Imyanzuro y'ingenzi n'impamvu z'ingenzi zo guhuza insinga za PV zijyanye nazo
• Ibisobanuro, kubahiriza amategeko, n'igenzura ry'ingaruka bikwiye kwemezwa mbere yo kwiyemeza
• Intambwe zikurikiraho zifatika n'ibyo abasomyi bashobora gushyira mu bikorwa ako kanya

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Namenya nte ko insinga ya PV ihuye n'imiyoboro yanjye y'amashanyarazi ikoresha imirasire y'izuba?

Genzura ko byombi bikoresha uburyo bumwe bwo guhuza ndetse n'uburyo bwo kwihanganira guhuza neza, byaba byiza ari MC4 y'umwimerere cyangwa se MC4-style connectors zemejwe ko zihuye neza kugira ngo zihuze neza na IP67/IP68.

Ni ingano ki y'insinga ikoreshwa cyane ku mirasire y'izuba yo mu ngo?

Uburyo bwinshi bwo guturamo bukoresha umuringa wa 4mm² (12 AWG) cyangwa 6mm² (10 AWG) washyizwe mu mabati, watoranijwe hashingiwe ku muvuduko w'amashanyarazi n'uburebure bw'insinga.

Ese nkwiye guhitamo insinga zo kwagura PV za 1000V DC cyangwa 1500V DC?

Huza insinga n'amashanyarazi ntarengwa ya DC ya sisitemu yawe. Koresha insinga ifite agaciro ka 1500V ku miyoboro ifite voltage nyinshi; ntuzigere ukoresha voltage nkeya kurusha iyo isabwa.

Nigute nagabanya igabanuka ry'amashanyarazi mu mikoreshereze y'insinga za PV?

Koresha icyuma kinini kandi ukomeze gukoresha imbaraga ngufi uko bishoboka kose. Intego ni ukuguma mu mwanya wa 2% kugeza kuri 3% by'igabanuka ry'amashanyarazi kugira ngo ubone umusaruro mwiza w'ingufu mu gihe kirekire.

Ni iyihe koti y'insinga ikwiriye gukoreshwa mu gushyiramo imirasire y'izuba hanze?

Hitamo insinga ya PV ifite ubushyuhe bwa XLPE cyangwa XLPO budashobora gutwarwa n'imirasire y'izuba. Irwanya imirasire y'izuba, ozone, n'ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe kurusha insinga zikoreshwa hanze.