Ziziphi iiMahluko eziphambili phakathi kweeCables zeSolar kunye neeCables eziqhelekileyo

Xa kuziwa kwi-wiring, ayizizo zonke iintambo ezenziwe ngokulinganayo. Iintambo zelanga, njengentambo yelanga ye-DC, zakhelwe ukujongana nemiceli mngeni ekhethekileyo yeenkqubo zamandla elanga. Banikezela ukuqina okukhethekileyo kwaye baxhathise iimeko ezirhabaxa zangaphandle, kubandakanya imitha ye-UV kunye nemozulu embi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iintambo eziqhelekileyo zenzelwe imisebenzi yombane yemihla ngemihla. Abanazo iimpawu ezikhethekileyo ezifunekayo kufakelo lwelanga. Ukukhetha intambo eyiyo ayikokusebenza nje—kumalunga nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokusebenza kwexesha elide kulungiselelo lwakho.

Izinto eziphambili zokuThatha

• Iintambo zelanga zenzelwe ngokukodwa ukumelana neemeko ezirhabaxa zangaphandle, zizenza zilungele iinkqubo zamandla elanga.
• Izinto zokugquma ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezifana ne-XLPE kwiintambo zelanga zibonelela nge-UV ephezulu kunye nokumelana nemozulu xa kuthelekiswa neentambo eziqhelekileyo, ezihlala zisebenzisa i-PVC.
• Iikhondaktha zobhedu ezinkonkxiweyo kwiintambo zelanga zongeza ukuxhathisa umhlwa, ziqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kwiindawo ezifumileyo.
• Iintambo zelanga ziyakwazi ukuphatha i-voltage ephezulu kunye nemithwalo yangoku, ixhasa ukuhanjiswa kwamandla ngokufanelekileyo kufakelo lwelanga, ngokungafaniyo neentambo eziqhelekileyo.
• Izatifikethi zeentambo zelanga ziqinisekisa ukuba ziyahlangabezana nokhuseleko olungqongqo kunye nemigangatho yokusebenza, kubalulekile kwizicelo zangaphandle.
• Iintambo zelanga zifuna ukulungiswa okuncinci ngenxa yokuqina kwazo, zikongela ixesha kunye neendleko ekuhambeni kwexesha.
• Ukutyala imali kwiintambo ezifanelekileyo zokuseta ilanga lakho kubalulekile kukhuseleko, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokwandisa ubomi benkqubo yakho.

Ukubunjwa kwezinto kunye noYilo

Xa kuthelekiswa iintambo zelanga kwiintambo eziqhelekileyo, ukubunjwa kwezinto zabo kunye noyilo kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunqumeni ukusebenza kwabo kunye nokuqina. Masiyicazulule ibe yimiba emibini engundoqo: ukugquma kunye nemathiriyeli yokucheba, kunye nezibhengezo.

I-Insulation kunye ne-Sheathing Materials

I-insulation kunye ne-sheathing yentambo ikhusela kumonakalo wangaphandle kwaye iqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kombane okukhuselekileyo. Iintambo zelanga zisebenzisa izinto ezisemgangathweni ophezulu njenge-polyethylene edibeneyo (i-XLPE) okanye iikhompawundi ezifanayo. Ezi zixhobo zibonelela ngokugqwesileyo kwimitha ye-UV, ukufuma, kunye namaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo. Oku kwenza ukuba iintambo zelanga zilungele ukusetyenziswa ngaphandle, apho zijongene nokuvezwa rhoqo kwiimeko ezinzima zokusingqongileyo.

Iintambo eziqhelekileyo, kwelinye icala, zihlala zisebenzisa i-PVC (i-polyvinyl chloride) ukugquma. Ngelixa i-PVC isebenza kakuhle kwizicelo zangaphakathi, ayibambeki ngokufanelekileyo phantsi kokukhanya kwelanga ixesha elide okanye imozulu embi. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, iintambo eziqhelekileyo zinokuqhekeka okanye zithobe xa zibonakaliswe kwiimeko ezinjalo, ezinokubeka engozini ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza.

Ukuba useka inkqubo yamandla elanga, uya kufuna iintambo ezinokumelana neminyaka yokuvezwa ngaphandle. Intambo yelanga ye-DC, umzekelo, yenzelwe ngokukodwa ukuhlangabezana nezi mfuno, iqinisekisa ukuthembeka nokuphila ixesha elide.

Abaqhubi

I-conductor engaphakathi kwentambo imisela indlela ewuthwala ngayo umbane ngokufanelekileyo. Iintambo zelanga ngokuqhelekileyo zisebenzisa izikhondatha zobhedu ezinkonkxiweyo. I-Tinning iphakamisa ukuxhathisa kwe-conductor kwi-corrosion, ebaluleke ngakumbi kwiindawo ezingaphandle apho ukufuma kunye nokufuma kuxhaphake. Olu luyilo luqinisekisa ukusebenza kombane okungaguqukiyo kubomi bentambo.

Iintambo eziqhelekileyo zihlala zisebenzisa iiconductor zobhedu ezingenanto. Ngelixa ubhedu sisibhengezo esigqwesileyo sombane, asinalo ukhuseleko olongezelelweyo olubonelela nge-tinning. Kwiindawo ezimanzi okanye ezonakalisayo, ubhedu olucacileyo lunokuncipha ngokukhawuleza, lukhokelela ekulahlekelweni kwamandla okanye nokungaphumeleli.

Omnye umahluko ulele kwisakhiwo sabaqhubi. Iintambo zelanga zihlala zine-conductor enye okanye uyilo olucukeneyo. Oku kuvumela ukuguquguquka okungcono kunye nokufakwa lula kwiiseto zelanga. Iintambo eziqhelekileyo, nangona kunjalo, zinokuba nesakhiwo esiqinileyo, esinokuthi sibenze bangafaneleki kwiimfuno ezizodwa zeenkqubo zelanga.

Ngokuqonda lo mahluko, unokwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi malunga nohlobo lwentambo ehambelana neemfuno zakho. Ufakelo lwelanga, ukukhetha intambo efana nentambo yelanga ye-DC iqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuqina.

Ukuchasana neMiba yokusiNgqongileyo

Xa ukhetha iintambo zokuseta kwakho, ukukwazi kwabo ukumelana nemiceli mngeni yendalo kubalulekile. Iintambo zelanga kunye neentambo eziqhelekileyo zihluke kakhulu kwindlela yokusingatha iimeko zangaphandle. Makhe sihlolisise izinto ezimbini eziphambili: i-UV kunye nokumelana nemozulu, kunye nokunyamezela ubushushu.

I-UV kunye nokumelana neMozulu

Iintambo zelanga zakhiwe ukuze zichume phantsi kwelanga. Basebenzisa izixhobo zokugquma ezikhethekileyo ezixhathisa imitha ye-UV, imvula, kunye nezinye iimeko zemozulu ezinzima. Oku kubenza bagqibelele ukufakelo lwelanga lwangaphandle. Intambo yelanga ye-DC, umzekelo, inokunyamezela iminyaka yelanga elithe ngqo ngaphandle kokuqhekeka okanye ukuthotywa. Awuyi kuba nexhala malunga nokutshintshwa rhoqo okanye imingcipheko yokhuseleko ebangelwa kukuguga.

Iintambo eziqhelekileyo, nangona kunjalo, azenzelwanga ukuba sesichengeni. Ukugquma kwabo, okuhlala kusenziwa kwiPVC, kunokophuka xa bebekwe elangeni ixesha elide. Imvula, ikhephu, kunye nemozulu eguquguqukayo nazo zinokusenza buthathaka ukwakheka kwazo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ukuba usebenzisa iintambo eziqhelekileyo ngaphandle, unokujongana nemiba efana nokusilela kombane okanye iingozi zokhuseleko.

UNyamezelo lobushushu

Ubushushu obugqithisileyo bunokucela umngeni kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo yombane. Iintambo zelanga ziyagqwesa kule ndawo. Ziyakwazi ukumelana noluhlu olubanzi lwamaqondo obushushu, ukusuka kwingqele ukuya kwingqele. Oku kubenza bathembeke kwiimozulu ezahlukeneyo, nokuba ukummandla onekhephu okanye kwindawo eyintlango. Ukufakwa kwabo kunye noyilo kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaguqukiyo, naphantsi kweemeko ezinzima.

Iintambo eziqhelekileyo zilwela ukuhlukahluka kobushushu. Ubushushu obuphezulu bunokubangela ukunyibilika kwabo kunyibilike okanye konakale, ngelixa iqondo lomkhenkce elibandayo linokubenza babe brittle. Le mida ibenza bangafaneleki kwizicelo zangaphandle okanye zobushushu obuphezulu. Ukuba umisela inkqubo yamandla elanga, ukusebenzisa iintambo ezingakwaziyo ukusingatha utshintsho lobushushu kunokukhokelela kukungasebenzi kakuhle okanye umonakalo.

Ngokuqonda lo mahluko, unokwenza ukhetho olukrelekrele lweprojekthi yakho. Iintambo zelanga, njengentambo yelanga ye-DC, zenziwe ukuba zimelane nemingeni yokusingqongileyo, ziqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokuqina. Iintambo eziqhelekileyo, ngelixa ziluncedo ngaphakathi endlwini, ziyawa phantsi xa zibekwe kwindawo.

Amanqanaba ombane kunye nokuSebenza koMbane

Xa kuziwa kwiinkqubo zombane, ukuqonda amanqanaba ombane kunye nokusebenza kubalulekile. Iintambo zelanga kunye neentambo eziqhelekileyo zahluke kakhulu kwindlela abaphatha ngayo i-voltage kunye neyangoku. Masingene kulo mahluko ukuze sikuncede wenze ukhetho olufanelekileyo.

Umthamo wombane

Iintambo zelanga zenzelwe ukuphatha iinkqubo zombane ophezulu ngokufanelekileyo. Banokuxhasa amandla ombane ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1,500 volts DC, ebenza ukuba balungele ukuseta amandla elanga. Lo mthamo ophezulu uqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yakho yelanga isebenza kakuhle ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kwamandla okanye ingozi yokhuseleko. Ngokomzekelo, intambo yelanga ye-DC yakhiwe ngokukodwa ukulawula umbane othe ngqo owenziwe ngamapaneli elanga, ukugcina ukusebenza okuhambelanayo naphantsi kwemithwalo enzima.

Iintambo eziqhelekileyo, nangona kunjalo, azakhelwanga izicelo eziphezulu zombane. Uninzi luthelekelelwa kumbane ophantsi, ngokuqhelekileyo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-600 volts AC. Ukuzisebenzisa kwisixokelelwano selanga kunokukhokelela ekufudumaleni, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwamandla, okanye iingozi zombane. Ukuba iprojekthi yakho ibandakanya iimfuno zombane ophezulu, iintambo eziqhelekileyo aziyi kuhlangabezana nophawu.

Umthamo wokuthwala wangoku

Ukukwazi kwentambo ukuthwala umsinga wombane ngaphandle kokushisa ngokugqithiseleyo yenye into ebalulekileyo. Iintambo zelanga zigqwesa kule ndawo ngenxa yezixhobo zazo eziphezulu ze-conductor kunye ne-insulation. Ziyilelwe ukuphatha imithwalo yangoku ephezulu, iqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwamandla ngokufanelekileyo ukusuka kwiiphaneli zakho zelanga ukuya kwi-inverter nangaphezulu. Oku kubenza bathembeke kufakelo olukhulu lwelanga okanye iinkqubo ezinemfuno zamandla aphezulu.

Iintambo eziqhelekileyo, kwelinye icala, zinomthamo ophantsi wokuthwala wangoku. Uyilo kunye nezixhobo zabo zinciphisa amandla abo okuphatha imithwalo enzima yombane. Ukuzilayisha kakhulu kunokukhokelela ekwakhiweni kobushushu, okunokonakalisa intambo okanye kuthintele ukhuseleko. Ukusetyenziswa kwelanga, lo mda wenza ukuba iintambo eziqhelekileyo zibe lukhetho olubi.

Ngokukhetha ikhebula elichanekileyo kwinkqubo yakho, uqinisekisa ukusebenza kombane kunye nokhuseleko. Iintambo zelanga, njengentambo yelanga yeDC, zenziwe ngobunjineli ukuze zihlangabezane neemfuno zeenkqubo zala maxesha zamandla elanga. Iintambo eziqhelekileyo, ngelixa zifanelekile ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi, ziwela mfutshane kwiimeko eziphezulu ze-voltage kunye ne-high-current.

Iziqinisekiso kunye neMigangatho

Izatifikethi kunye nemigangatho iqinisekisa ukuba iintambo zihlangabezana nokhuseleko oluthile, ukusebenza, kunye nebenchmarks zomgangatho. Xa uthelekisa iintambo zelanga kunye neentambo eziqhelekileyo, ukuqonda izatifikethi zabo kunokukunceda wenze izigqibo ezinolwazi.

Iziqinisekiso zeSolar Cable

Iintambo zelanga kufuneka zibambelele kwizatifikethi ezingqongqo kuba zisebenza kwiindawo ezifuna ngamandla. Ezi ziqinisekiso ziqinisekisa ukuba iintambo ziyakwazi ukumelana nombane ophezulu, ukumelana nokuvezwa kwe-UV, kwaye zinyamezele amaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo. Ngokomzekelo, iintambo zelanga zihlala zihambelana nemigangatho efana ne-TÜV Rheinland okanye i-UL 4703. Ezi ziqinisekiso ziqinisekisa ukuba iintambo zikhuselekile kwiinkqubo ze-photovoltaic kwaye zihlangabezana neemfuno zomgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe.

Intambo yelanga ye-DC, umzekelo, ivavanywa ngamandla ukuqinisekisa ukuba isebenza ngokuthembekileyo kufakelo lwelanga. Olu vavanyo luvavanya ukugquma kwayo, ukuqina, kunye nokuxhathisa imiba yokusingqongileyo. Ngokukhetha iintambo zelanga eziqinisekisiweyo, unciphisa imingcipheko efana nokusilela kombane okanye iingozi zokhuseleko kwinkqubo yakho yamandla elanga.

Iziqinisekiso zeCable eziqhelekileyo

Iintambo eziqhelekileyo nazo zilandela iziqinisekiso, kodwa ezi zijolise kwizicelo zombane ngokubanzi. Imigangatho eqhelekileyo ibandakanya i-UL 62 okanye i-IEC 60227, eqinisekisa ukuba iintambo zikhuselekile ukusetyenziswa kwangaphakathi kunye nemithwalo yombane ephakathi. Ezi zatifikethi ziqinisekisa umgangatho osisiseko wokugquma kunye nokusebenza kombane kodwa azibandakanyi imingeni yangaphandle efana nokuba sesichengeni se-UV okanye imozulu egqithisileyo.

Ukuba usebenzisa iintambo eziqhelekileyo kulungiselelo lwelanga, iziqinisekiso zabo aziyi kugubungela iimfuno ezizodwa zeenkqubo ezinjalo. Oku kungafaniyo kunokukhokelela kukungasebenzi kakuhle, imiba yokhuseleko, okanye ukusilela kwenkqubo. Soloko ujonga iziqinisekiso ukuze uqinisekise ukuba intambo ihambelana neemfuno zeprojekthi yakho.

Ukuqonda ezi ziqinisekiso kukunceda ukhethe intambo efanelekileyo kwiimfuno zakho. Iintambo zelanga, njengentambo yelanga yeDC, zihlangabezana nemigangatho ekhethekileyo yeenkqubo zelanga, ngelixa iintambo eziqhelekileyo zibonelela ngemisebenzi yombane yemihla ngemihla.

Ubomi kunye noLondolozo

Ukuqina

Xa kuziwa kukuqina, iintambo zelanga zigqama njengophumeleleyo ocacileyo. Ezi ntambo zakhiwe ukuba zihlale, nakwezona meko zinzima. Ukugquma kwabo kunye nezixhobo zokutshiza zixhathisa imitha ye-UV, ukufuma, kunye namaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo, ziqinisekisa ukuba zihlala zisebenza iminyaka. Intambo yelanga ye-DC, umzekelo, yenzelwe ngokukodwa ukuphatha ukuguga nokukrazuka kweendawo zangaphandle. Ungathembela kuyo ukugcina ukusebenza kwayo ngaphandle kokutshintshwa rhoqo.

Iintambo eziqhelekileyo, nangona kunjalo, aziboneleli kwinqanaba elifanayo lokuqina. Ukugquma kwabo kwePVC kuthande ukuthotywa ngokuhamba kwexesha, ngakumbi xa bevezwe lilanga okanye imozulu eguquguqukayo. Ukuqhekeka, i-brittleness, kunye nezinye iimpawu zokuguga zinokuvela ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo ebeka engozini ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Ukuba ujonge isisombululo sexesha elide, iintambo eziqhelekileyo zisenokungahlangani nolindelo lwakho.

IiMfuneko zoLondolozo

Iintambo zelanga zifuna ukulungiswa okuncinci. Uyilo lwabo olomeleleyo kunye nezinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu zinciphisa imfuno yokuhlolwa rhoqo okanye ukulungiswa. Nje ukuba ifakiwe, unokubathemba ukuba basebenze ngokuthembekileyo ngongenelelo oluncinci. Oku kubenza ukhetho olungabizi kakhulu kwiinkqubo zamandla elanga, apho ukusebenza okungaguqukiyo kubalulekile.

Iintambo eziqhelekileyo, kwelinye icala, zifuna ingqalelo engakumbi. Ukuba sesichengeni sabo kumonakalo wokusingqongileyo kuthetha ukuba kuya kufuneka uzihlole rhoqo. Ungazifumana utshintsha amacandelo okanye ulungisa imiba efana neentanda zokugquma okanye ukudleka. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, oku kunokongeza kwiindleko zakho zokulondoloza kunye nomgudu.

Ngokukhetha ikhebula elifanelekileyo, unokugcina ixesha kunye nemali ekuhambeni kwexesha. Iintambo zelanga, njengentambo yelanga ye-DC, ziyilelwe ukunciphisa ugcino ngelixa zihambisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo. Iintambo eziqhelekileyo, ngelixa zifanelekile kwizicelo ezingaphantsi kwemfuneko, zihlala zifutshane malunga nexesha elide kunye neemfuno zokugcinwa.

Iintambo zelanga, njengentambo yelanga ye-DC, zizinto ekufuneka zibe nazo kwiinkqubo zamandla elanga. Banikezela ukuqina okungenakuthelekiswa nanto, ukumelana neemeko ezirhabaxa zokusingqongileyo, kwaye baqinisekise ukusebenza kombane okuphezulu. Iintambo eziqhelekileyo zisebenza kakuhle kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla kodwa ziyasilela ekufuneni iiseti zelanga. Ukukhetha intambo efanelekileyo akukhona nje malunga nokusebenza-kumalunga nokhuseleko, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokuthembeka kwexesha elide. Ngotyalo-mali kuhlobo oluchanekileyo lwekhebula, ukhusela inkqubo yakho kwaye wandise ubomi bayo. Yenza ukhetho olufanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba iprojekthi yakho iqhuba kakuhle kwaye ngokufanelekileyo.